ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: We sought to describe the approach to and impact of endotracheal tube (ETT) placement for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) occurring in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review of in-NICU CPR from 2012 to 2017 across ten NICUs in San Antonio, Texas. RESULTS: Of 209 CPR events, 22 (10.5%) patients required ETT placement at CPR onset, 23 (11%) had an existing ETT removed and replaced, and 8 (3.4%) both. We found no association between time without an ETT tube during CPR and time to return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) or rate of ROSC. We found no documented use of a laryngeal mask airway during in-NICU CPR. CONCLUSIONS: For CPR occurring in the NICU, the achievement of ROSC or time to ROSC is not impacted by the need to place an initial AA at the onset of CPR in this contemporary cohort.
Subject(s)
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation , Heart Arrest , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Intubation, Intratracheal , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to describe the variation of in-neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) characteristics and outcomes across different gestational ages and levels of NICU care. STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective cohort study of in-NICU CPR events across 10 NICUs in San Antonio, TX from 2012 through 2017. RESULTS: We identified 140 patients experiencing a total of 210 in-NICU CPR events. CPR was performed in 0.23% of Level III and 0.85% of Level IV NICU admissions. Gestational age was inversely related to CPR incidence. The median age at in-NICU CPR was lower for preterm versus term infants (6 vs. 28 days, p = 0.002). With regression modeling, each added minute of chest compression decreased the odds of return to spontaneous circulation by 11%. CONCLUSION: In-NICU CPR incidence rises with decreasing gestational age and increasing level of NICU care. The rate of return of spontaneous circulation decreases significantly with increasing duration of chest compressions. Further study is needed to identify patient factors associated with adverse outcome.
Subject(s)
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/statistics & numerical data , Gestational Age , Heart Arrest/therapy , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/statistics & numerical data , Female , Heart Arrest/mortality , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Logistic Models , Male , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Retrospective Studies , Texas/epidemiologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Early feeding, skin-to-skin contact, and dextrose gel have been independently shown to promote breastfeeding and decrease NICU admission for neonatal hypoglycemia. We combined these interventions to decrease NICU admissions for asymptomatic hypoglycemia and increase exclusive breastfeeding rates. PROJECT DESIGN: The IHI Model for Improvement was used to design a bundle including feeding within 1 h of birth, 1 h of uninterrupted skin-to-skin within 2 h of birth, and administration of buccal 40% dextrose gel for hypoglycemic infants. RESULTS: Utilization of dextrose gel was 94% following implementation. There were no trends in exclusive breastfeeding at discharge or NICU admissions for asymptomatic hypoglycemia. Post hoc multivariate analysis identified cesarean delivery as an independent risk factor for compliance failure and failure of exclusive breastfeeding but not for NICU admission. CONCLUSIONS: Despite high compliance with dextrose gel utilization, there was no change in exclusive breastfeeding at discharge or NICU admission rates for asymptomatic hypoglycemia.
Subject(s)
Breast Feeding , Glucose/therapeutic use , Hypoglycemia/therapy , Kangaroo-Mother Care Method , Patient Care Bundles , Administration, Buccal , Guideline Adherence , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Intensive Care Units, NeonatalABSTRACT
AIM: To determine the end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) value that predicts a HR > 60 beats per minute (bpm) with the best sensitivity and specificity during neonatal/infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) defined as chest compressions ± epinephrine in neonates/infants admitted to a CVICU/PICU. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study from 1/1/08 to 12/31/12 of all infants ≤6 month of age who received CPR and had ETCO2 documented during serial resuscitations in the pediatric (PICU) or pediatric cardiovascular intensive care units (CVICU) of Children's Medical Center of Dallas. A receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was generated to determine the ETCO2 cut-off with the best sensitivity and specificity for predicting HR > 60 bpm. Each ETCO2 value was correlated to the infant's HR at that specific time. RESULTS: CPR was provided for 165 infants of which 49 infants had quantitative ETCO2 documented so only these infants were included. The majority were in the CVICU (81%) and intubated (84%). Mean gestational age was 36 ± 3 weeks and median age (interquartile range) at time of CPR was 30 (16-96) days. An ETCO2 between 17 and 18 mmHg correlated with the highest sensitivity and specificity for return of a HR > 60 bpm. Area under the curve for the ROC is 0.835. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides critical clinical information regarding correlation between ETCO2 values and an adequate rise in heart rate in neonates and young infants during CPR. Quantitative ETCO2 monitoring allows CPR to progress uninterrupted without need to pause to check heart rate every 60 seconds until the critical ETCO2 threshold is reached. Quantitative ETCO2 monitoring as an adjunct to cardiac monitoring during infant CPR might enhance perfusion and improve outcomes.
