ABSTRACT
This study describes a method to quantify phosphorus grain boundary segregation by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy in Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (STEM-EDX). A "box-type method" is employed, removing the long-discussed problems of interaction volume and the beam broadening effect. The proposed methodology also introduces a novel way of subtracting the spectrum background to remove the influence of coherent Bremsstrahlung and spurious peaks. A Fe-P model alloy was used to compare the box method to the quantification results previously obtained by atom probe tomography on two high angle grain boundaries. The results are specifically reported in surface concentration (atom/nm2) to avoid additional hypotheses and allow the results between the two techniques to be directly compared. The measurements show that the box-type method can accurately measure phosphorus intergranular segregation in iron.
ABSTRACT
We propose a novel phase-matching scheme in GaP whispering-gallery-mode microdisks grown on Si substrate combining modal and 4¯ -quasi-phase-matching for second-harmonic-generation. The technique consists in unlocking parity-forbidden processes by tailoring the antiphase domain distribution in the GaP layer. Our proposal can be used to overcome the limitations of form birefringence phase-matching and 4¯ -quasi-phase-matching using high order whispering-gallery-modes. The high frequency conversion efficiency of this new scheme demonstrates the competitiveness of nonlinear photonic devices monolithically integrated on silicon.
