Subject(s)
Air , Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit , Nitrogen/metabolism , Nitrous Oxide/administration & dosage , Oxygen/administration & dosage , Absorption , Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit/instrumentation , Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit/methods , Carbon Dioxide/chemistry , Equipment Design , Humans , Monitoring, Physiologic , Nebulizers and Vaporizers , Oxygen/analysis , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Ventilators, MechanicalABSTRACT
Xenon has many of the properties of the ideal anaesthetic agent and has been proposed as a suitable replacement for nitrous oxide in routine clinical anaesthesia. Xenon, krypton and argon are chemically inert under most circumstances, yet all have anaesthetic properties. Xenon is of particular interest because it is the only 'inert' gas which is an anaesthetic under normobaric conditions. Because of this property, xenon has an important place in the history of the development of theories of anaesthetic action and of concepts such as MAC. Cost is likely to be a major impediment to the regular use of xenon.
Subject(s)
Anesthesia, Inhalation , Anesthetics , Xenon , Anesthetics/pharmacology , Animals , Humans , Noble Gases/pharmacology , Xenon/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Systems for respiratory support are becoming increasingly expensive and complex. Many systems suffer inadequacies when used for spontaneous ventilation. Some modes on newer ventilators are rarely used because of the complex controls and settings. There is no truly universal ventilator that satisfies every intensivist's wishes. CPAP/IMV is becoming accepted as the standard management of many patients with acute respiratory failure and there would be few intensive care units where CPAP/IMV is not used for part of a patient's respiratory support. We describe a cost-effective system that may be used for respiratory support in the spontaneously breathing mode. This system combines a high flow venturi, an efficient humidifier and an inexpensive reliable ventilator that can be used for adult and paediatric patients. The system, primarily for use in patients breathing spontaneously, functions well in patients requiring full ventilation.
Subject(s)
High-Frequency Ventilation/instrumentation , Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation/instrumentation , Positive-Pressure Respiration/instrumentation , Ventilators, Mechanical , Equipment Design , Oxygen/administration & dosage , Oxygen/analysis , RheologySubject(s)
Cold Climate/adverse effects , Military Medicine , Morbidity , Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Male , New York , Sex FactorsSubject(s)
Carbonates/metabolism , Lithium/metabolism , Capsules , Humans , Lithium/blood , Lithium/urine , Solubility , Time FactorsABSTRACT
A reduction in 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in cerebrospinal fluid was found in depressed and manic patients both while they were symptomatic and also after treatment. The concentration of homovanillic acid was initially reduced and then tended to increase after treatment.
