ABSTRACT
Context: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have increased risk for pregnancy complications, possibly related to pre-existing obesity and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG). Objectives: To assess the contributions of diagnosis and preconception weight on GWG and perinatal outcomes. Research Design and Methods: Prospective cohort study of singleton pregnancies in PCOS (n = 164) and ovulatory controls (n = 176) from infertility treatment. Main Outcome Measures: GWG, birthweight, pregnancy complications. Results: From preconception baseline, normal-weight women with PCOS gained 2.3 pounds more during the first trimester (95% CI, 0.3 to 4.3; P = 0.02), and by the end of the second trimester, 4.2 pounds more than controls (95% CI, 0.7 to 7.7; P = 0.02). Women who were overweight with PCOS gained significantly more weight than did controls by the end of the second trimester (5.2 pounds; 95% CI, 0.2 to 10.2; P = 0.04), whereas women with obesity and PCOS and control women had similar weight gain throughout pregnancy. Within normal-weight, overweight, and obese groups, prevalence of pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes did not differ between the PCOS and control groups, nor was there a difference in birthweight. Preconception body mass index (BMI) was significantly associated with GWG; for every 1-kg/m2 increase in preconception BMI, GWG decreased by 0.62 pounds (95% CI, -0.85 to -0.40; P < 0.001). Conclusions: Women with PCOS who are of normal weight or are overweight before conception experience more GWG than do ovulatory controls. Within normal-weight, overweight, and obese groups, rates of perinatal complications do not significantly differ between women with PCOS and controls. Preconception BMI is the strongest predictor of GWG.
Subject(s)
Diabetes, Gestational/epidemiology , Gestational Weight Gain/physiology , Obesity/complications , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/complications , Pre-Eclampsia/epidemiology , Adult , Birth Weight/physiology , Body Mass Index , Case-Control Studies , Diabetes, Gestational/metabolism , Diabetes, Gestational/physiopathology , Female , Humans , Obesity/metabolism , Obesity/physiopathology , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/metabolism , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/physiopathology , Pre-Eclampsia/metabolism , Pre-Eclampsia/physiopathology , Pregnancy , Prevalence , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
Nurses are in an excellent position to perform skin assessments and teach the public about skin cancer prevention. Knowledgeable nurses can help reduce the incidence of skin cancer. Determining the best method to teach nursing students about skin cancer is thus important.
