ABSTRACT
Ribosome-inactivating proteins, named for their ability to inhibit protein translation in cell-free systems, are an important class of natural plant defense proteins with potential human therapeutic and agricultural applications. The kinetics of growth, nutrient consumption, and extracellular protein translation inhibitory activity are presented for Trichosanthes kirilowii plant cell suspensions in 5-L bioreactors at two agitation rates (50 and 100 rpm). The cultures had a 7-9.5 day lag phase followed by exponential growth with a doubling time of less than 2 days. Biomass concentrations reached levels of approximately 19 g (dry weight)/L. Protein translation inhibitory activity was observed in the culture broths during the exponential growth phase and reached levels of approximately 50-60 units. No detrimental effects of agitation were observed at 100 rpm. These studies demonstrate the potential for plant cell culture production of ribosome-inactivating proteins in bioreactor systems.
Subject(s)
Bioreactors , Plant Proteins/biosynthesis , Plants/metabolism , Ribosomes , Cells, Cultured , Culture Media , Fructose/metabolism , Glucose/metabolism , Kinetics , Oxygen Consumption , Plant Development , Plant Proteins/pharmacology , Protein Biosynthesis/drug effects , Sucrose/metabolismABSTRACT
The author reviews the growth and development of social marketing practice as a social work strategy and describes how the different categories of marketing correspond to administrative, planning, and community organization practice. She illustrates the similarity between the social planning process and the market planning process in an effort to demonstrate that social marketing is a useful addition to decision making and planning in social service agencies. Social marketing theory, diffusion theory, and exchange theory provide the theoretical frameworks for the argument developed. Drawing upon these theories, the paper draws attention to the fact that marketing is rapidly gaining acceptance as a viable strategy in macro practice designed to attract and retain consumers of services, develop resources, and inform service providers and practitioners of practice issues and innovations.
