ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To analyze chronic kidney disease mortality in Brazil according to sex, age group and region of residence, from 2009 to 2020. METHODS: This was a time series study having deaths as its unit of analysis, based on Mortality Information System data. The mortality rate was standardized using the direct method and the temporal trend was analyzed using the Prais-Winsten method. RESULTS: There was a rising trend in chronic kidney disease mortality, ranging from 2.82, in 2009, to 3.24 in 2020 (average annual increase 1.29%; 95%CI 0.73;1.85), with a greater increase in males (1.14% per year; 95%CI 0.52;1.76), those aged 75 years and over (2.23% per year; 95%CI 1.87; 2.60) and in the Northern Region (3.86% per year; 95%CI 1.86;5.90) and Northeast Region (3.36% per year; 95%CI 2.24;4.50). CONCLUSION: Chronic kidney disease mortality showed a rising trend in the period, with sociodemographic disparities. MAIN RESULTS: A rising mortality trend was found for both sexes, with a greater increase in males, those aged over 75 years and in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil; mortality was highest in the Midwest region throughout the entire period. IMPLICATIONS FOR SERVICES: The results point to the need to implement public policies with guidelines for addressing chronic kidney disease, focused on strengthening Primary Health Care (PHC). PERSPECTIVES: Expanding access to health services, health education and integration between PHC, health surveillance and specialized care are strategies that would possibly prove to be efficient in managing this chronic health condition.
Subject(s)
Mortality , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Female , Humans , Male , Brazil/epidemiology , Information Systems , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/mortality , Mortality/trendsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of weekly, monthly and abusive alcohol consumption in Brazil in 2013 and 2019, compare the period estimates, and verify the magnitude of the differences. METHODS: Analysis of data on alcohol consumption in the adult population (18 years or older) from the National Health Survey (PNS), 2013 and 2019. The number of interviewees in 2013 was 60,202 and 88,531 in 2019. The samples were characterized according to demographic, socioeconomic, health, and alcohol consumption variables and differences in proportions in the period were compared using Pearson's c2 test, with Rao-Scott approximation and a 5% significance level. Multivariate Poisson regression models were estimated for the outcome variables of monthly, weekly and abusive consumption of alcoholic beverages, in order to estimate the magnitude of the differences between the 2013 and 2019 PNS estimates, using the prevalence ratio (PR). Models were adjusted per sex and age group and stratified per sex and demographic region. RESULTS: There was a difference in the distribution of the population according to race, occupation, income, age group, marital status, and education. There was an increase in alcohol consumption for all outcome variables, with the exception of weekly consumption in males. The PR of weekly consumption was 1.02 (95%CI 1.014-1.026), and in females the PR was 1.05 (95%CI 1.04-1.06). The highest PRs in the general population and per sex occur for abusive consumption. The increase in weekly consumption per region occurred in the South, Southeast, and Central-West regions. CONCLUSIONS: Males are the main alcohol consumers in Brazil; the PRs for both males and females show that there was an increase in monthly, weekly and abusive consumption in the research period; it is noteworthy that females have increased their consumption pattern with greater intensity than males.
Subject(s)
Alcohol Drinking , Alcoholic Beverages , Adult , Male , Female , Humans , Socioeconomic Factors , Prevalence , Brazil/epidemiology , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiologyABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze chronic kidney disease mortality in Brazil according to sex, age group and region of residence, from 2009 to 2020. Methods: This was a time series study having deaths as its unit of analysis, based on Mortality Information System data. The mortality rate was standardized using the direct method and the temporal trend was analyzed using the Prais-Winsten method. Results: There was a rising trend in chronic kidney disease mortality, ranging from 2.82, in 2009, to 3.24 in 2020 (average annual increase 1.29%; 95%CI 0.73;1.85), with a greater increase in males (1.14% per year; 95%CI 0.52;1.76), those aged 75 years and over (2.23% per year; 95%CI 1.87; 2.60) and in the Northern Region (3.86% per year; 95%CI 1.86;5.90) and Northeast Region (3.36% per year; 95%CI 2.24;4.50). Conclusion: Chronic kidney disease mortality showed a rising trend in the period, with sociodemographic disparities.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la mortalidad por enfermedad renal crónica en Brasil según sexo, grupo de edad y región de residencia, de 2009 a 2020. Métodos: Estudio de serie temporal con óbitos como unidad de análisis, utilizando el Sistema de Información sobre Mortalidad. La tasa de mortalidad se estandarizó por el método directo y la tendencia temporal se analizó por el método de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: Tendencia creciente de la mortalidad por enfermedad renal crónica, variando de 2,82, en 2009, a 3,24 en 2020 (incremento promedio anual 1,29%; IC95% 0,73;1,85), con mayor aumento en el sexo masculino (1,14% por año; IC95% 0,52;1,76), con 75 años y más (2,23% por año; IC95% 1,87;2,60) y en las Regiones Norte (3,86% por año; IC95% 1,86;5,90) y Nordeste (3,36% por año; IC95% 2,24;4,50). Conclusión: La mortalidad por enfermedad renal crónica mostró una tendencia creciente en el período, con disparidades sociodemográficas.
RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a mortalidade por doença renal crônica no Brasil segundo sexo, faixa etária e região de residência, no período de 2009 a 2020. Métodos: Estudo de série temporal, tendo os óbitos como unidade de análise, utilizando-se o Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade. A taxa de mortalidade foi padronizada pelo método direto, e a tendência temporal analisada pelo método de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: Tendência crescente da mortalidade por doença renal crônica, variando de 2,82, em 2009, para 3,24 em 2020 (incremento médio anual de 1,29%; IC95% 0,73;1,85), com maior incremento no sexo masculino (1,14% ao ano; IC95% 0,52;1,76), na faixa etária com 75 anos e mais (2,23% ao ano; IC95% 1,87;2,60), nas regiões Norte (3,86% ao ano; IC95% 1,86;5,90) e Nordeste (3,36% ao ano; IC95% 2,24;4,50). Conclusão: A mortalidade por doença renal crônica apresentou tendência crescente no período, com disparidades sociodemográficas.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence of weekly, monthly and abusive alcohol consumption in Brazil in 2013 and 2019, compare the period estimates, and verify the magnitude of the differences. METHODS Analysis of data on alcohol consumption in the adult population (18 years or older) from the National Health Survey (PNS), 2013 and 2019. The number of interviewees in 2013 was 60,202 and 88,531 in 2019. The samples were characterized according to demographic, socioeconomic, health, and alcohol consumption variables and differences in proportions in the period were compared using Pearson's c2 test, with Rao-Scott approximation and a 5% significance level. Multivariate Poisson regression models were estimated for the outcome variables of monthly, weekly and abusive consumption of alcoholic beverages, in order to estimate the magnitude of the differences between the 2013 and 2019 PNS estimates, using the prevalence ratio (PR). Models were adjusted per sex and age group and stratified per sex and demographic region. RESULTS There was a difference in the distribution of the population according to race, occupation, income, age group, marital status, and education. There was an increase in alcohol consumption for all outcome variables, with the exception of weekly consumption in males. The PR of weekly consumption was 1.02 (95%CI 1.014-1.026), and in females the PR was 1.05 (95%CI 1.04-1.06). The highest PRs in the general population and per sex occur for abusive consumption. The increase in weekly consumption per region occurred in the South, Southeast, and Central-West regions. CONCLUSIONS Males are the main alcohol consumers in Brazil; the PRs for both males and females show that there was an increase in monthly, weekly and abusive consumption in the research period; it is noteworthy that females have increased their consumption pattern with greater intensity than males.
RESUMO OBJETIVOS Estimar as prevalências de consumo de bebidas alcoólicas semanal, mensal e abusivo no Brasil em 2013 e 2019, comparar as estimativas do período e estimar a magnitude das diferenças. MÉTODOS Análise dos dados do consumo de bebidas alcoólicas na população adulta (18 anos ou mais) da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS), 2013 e 2019. O número de entrevistados em 2013 foi de 60.202 e, em 2019, de 88.531. As amostras foram caracterizadas segundo variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas, de saúde e de consumo de bebidas alcoólicas; e foram comparadas as diferenças de proporções no período, por meio do teste do c2 de Pearson, com aproximação de Rao-Scott e nível de significância de 5%. Foram estimados modelos multivariados de regressão de Poisson para as variáveis de desfecho de consumo mensal, semanal e abusivo de bebidas alcoólicas, com o intuito de estimar a magnitude das diferenças entre as estimativas da PNS 2013 e 2019, por meio da razão de prevalência (RP). Os modelos foram ajustados por sexo e faixa etária e estratificados por sexo e região demográfica. RESULTADOS Houve diferença da distribuição da população segundo raça, ocupação, renda, faixa etária, estado civil e escolaridade. Houve aumento do consumo de álcool para todas as variáveis desfecho, com exceção do consumo semanal em homens. A razão de prevalência do consumo semanal foi de 1,02 (IC95% 1,014-1,026), nas mulheres a RP foi de 1,05 (IC95% 1,04-1,06). As maiores razões de prevalência na população geral e por sexo ocorrem para o consumo abusivo. O aumento do consumo semanal por região ocorreu no Sul, Sudeste e Centro-Oeste. CONCLUSÕES O homem é o principal consumidor de álcool no Brasil, as razões de prevalência tanto em homens quanto em mulheres demonstram que houve aumento do consumo mensal, semanal e abusivo no período pesquisado, destaca-se que as mulheres têm aumentado o padrão de consumo com maior intensidade do que os homens.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Gender and Health , Sociodemographic FactorsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of arterial hypertension according to sociodemographic characteristics in Brazil and to analyze the indicators related to access to health services and guidelines for controlling the disease in the country. METHODS: Cross-sectional descriptive study using the National Health Survey (PNS) conducted in 2019. The prevalence of hypertension was estimated with a 95% confidence interval, in addition to the proportions of hypertension indicators. RESULTS: There were 88,531 respondents, of which 23.9% self-reported hypertension, more prevalent among females (26.4%) and the elderly (55.0%). Among those who self-reported hypertension, 57.8% reported medical attention in the last six months; most received guidance on self-care; 66.1% were seen in public health services; and 45.8%, in primary health care units. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of hypertension in the Brazilian population was high, with most people who self-reported the condition being seen in services of the Brazilian National Health System (SUS), where they received guidance on health promotion.
Subject(s)
Hypertension , Aged , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Health Promotion , Health Surveys , Humans , Hypertension/epidemiology , Hypertension/therapy , Self Report , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To compare health care indicators for adults with medical diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Brazil, in 2013 and 2019, and analyze the indicators for 2019 according to sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS: Cross-sectional study using data from the 2013 and 2019 National Health Survey. Care indicators were evaluated in people with medical diagnosis of DM. RESULTS: DM prevalence increased from 6.2% (2013) to 7.7% (2019). Between 2013 and 2019, there was an increase in the use of medications (from 80.2% to 88.8%) and of medical care (from 73.2% to 79.1%), a reduction in the use of Popular Pharmacy Program medications (from 57.4% to 51.5%) and in follow-up with the same physician (from 65.2% to 59.4%). In 2019, poorer indicators were observed for individuals who were male, younger, Black and Brown, and with lower education and income. CONCLUSION: Most indicators remained similar in the last five years, with differences according to sociodemographic characteristics in 2019.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus , Adult , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus/therapy , Educational Status , Female , Health Surveys , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To describe the indicators of smoking cessation in 2013 and 2019 for Brazil and federative units, according to sociodemographic variables, collected in the National Health Survey (PNS). METHODS: Cross-sectional, population-based and descriptive study with data from the 2013 and 2019 PNS, a household survey collected by trained interviewers. The prevalence of ex-smokers and the proportion of smokers who tried to quit smoking in the 12 months prior to the interview, and respective confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated, according to sociodemographic variables. Additionally, the percentage variation between the years was calculated. RESULTS: In 2013, the prevalence of ex-smokers was 17.5% (95%CI 16.9;18.0) and, in 2019, 26.6% (95%CI 26.1;27.2). In 2013, 51.1% tried to quit smoking (95%CI 49.3;52.9) and, in 2019, 46.6% (95%CI 45.0;48.3). CONCLUSION: It is important to strengthen and maintain strategies for coping with tobacco use in Brazil, to increase the current smoker's willingness and ability to quit smoking.
Subject(s)
Smoking Cessation , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Health Surveys , Humans , Smoking/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Our objective is to describe the differences in the sampling plans of the two editions of the Brazilian National Health Survey (PNS 2013 and 2019) and to evaluate how the changes affected the coefficient of variation (CV) and the design effect (Deff) of some estimated indicators. Variables from different parts of the questionnaire were analyzed to cover proportions with different magnitudes. The prevalence of obesity was included in the analysis since anthropometry measurement in the 2019 survey was performed in a subsample. The value of the point estimate, CV, and the Deff were calculated for each indicator, considering the stratification of the primary sampling units, the weighting of the sampling units, and the clustering effect. The CV and the Deff were lower in the 2019 estimates for most indicators. Concerning the questionnaire indicators of all household members, the Deffs were high and reached values greater than 18 for having a health insurance plan. Regarding the indicators of the individual questionnaire, for the prevalence of obesity, the Deff ranged from 2.7 to 4.2, in 2013, and from 2.7 to 10.2, in 2019. The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes per Federative Unit had a higher CV and lower Deff. Expanding the sample size to meet the diverse health objectives and the high Deff are significant challenges for developing probabilistic household-based national survey. New probabilistic sampling strategies should be considered to reduce costs and clustering effects.
Subject(s)
Obesity , Brazil/epidemiology , Cluster Analysis , Health Surveys , Humans , Obesity/epidemiology , Sample SizeABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To monitor the achievement of the action plans for the prevention and control of Non-Communicable Diseases agreed-upon targets. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, with data from the 2013 and 2019 National Health Survey. The following targets, up to 2025, were evaluated: physical inactivity, alcohol consumption, salt/sodium, tobacco use, high blood pressure, diabetes, overweight, obesity, cervical cytology testing, and drug therapy and counseling. To check whether the targets were achieved, the prevalence ratio was calculated (PR). RESULTS: 60,202 individuals were assessed in 2013, and 88,531 in 2019. The targets for physical inactivity (PR = 0.88; 95%CI 0.86;0.90) and cervical cytology coverage (79.4%; 95%CI 78.3;80.3) were achieved. Tobacco use was reduced, albeit below the target. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, overweight, obesity and alcohol consumption increased, and the targets will not be attained. CONCLUSION: Two indicators reached the agreed targets, however it is necessary to advance in actions and policies to meet the others.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus , Hypertension , Noncommunicable Diseases , Adaptation, Psychological , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus/therapy , Goals , Health Surveys , Humans , Hypertension/epidemiology , Noncommunicable Diseases/epidemiology , Noncommunicable Diseases/prevention & control , Obesity/epidemiology , Overweight/epidemiology , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To describe the proportion of adults with hypertension and diabetes who obtained medication through the Brazilian Popular Pharmacy Program (Programa Farmácia Popular). METHOD: Population-based descriptive study, using data from the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey. The proportion of individuals who obtained at least one type of medication for hypertension and diabetes in the Program was analysed according to socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, by regions and federative units. RESULTS: The proportion of individuals who obtained medication for hypertension was 45.1% (95%CI 43.7;46.5), and, for diabetes, 51.5% (95%CI 49.5;53.6). Respectively for both conditions, medication obtainment was higher in the South region (54.3%; 95%CI 51.3;57.2 and 59.1%; 95%CI 54.6;63.7) and lower in the higher strata level of education (30.9%; 95%CI 27.7;34.2 and 40.7%; 95%CI 35.1;46.3) and income (24.0%; 95%CI 19.7;28.2 and 28.9%; 95%CI 22.1;35.7). CONCLUSION: Regional and socioeconomic inequalities were identified in obtaining medication for hypertension and diabetes through the Program.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus , Hypertension , Pharmacy , Adult , Brazil , Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Health Surveys , Humans , Hypertension/drug therapy , Hypertension/epidemiologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of self-reported depression among Brazilian adults in the 2019 National Health Survey (PNS) and compare to the 2013 PNS. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of Brazilian adults using data from the 2019 and 2013 PNS. Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) of self-reported depression were estimated by region and demographic characteristics. Bivariate analyses were conducted using chi-squared tests. RESULTS: There were 90,846 participants aged ≥ 18 years in 2019, and 60,202 in 2013. Between 2013 and 2019, prevalence of self-reported depression increased from 7.6% (95%CI 7.2;8.1) to 10.2% (95%CI 9.9;10.6) and of individuals who sought healthcare, from 46.4% (95%CI 43.8;49.1) to 52.8% (95%CI 50.7;55.0). Private clinics were the main source of healthcare. CONCLUSION: Depression is highly prevalent in Brazil. Prevalence of diagnosis of depression and use of health services increased in the studied period. The predominance of care in private clinics suggests inequalities in the improvement of mental healthcare coverage.
Subject(s)
Depression , Adult , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Depression/epidemiology , Health Surveys , Humans , Prevalence , Self ReportABSTRACT
This study compared indicators of care and access to health services by adults who self-reported hypertension in 2013 and 2019, analyzing those indicators according to gender, age group, schooling level, and race/color. This is an analytic study with data from the Brazilian National Health Survey (PNS), conducted in 2013 and 2019 in Brazil. The indicators to care and access to health services by individuals with arterial hypertension in both surveys were compared. For 2019, those indicators were analyzed according to sociodemographic characteristics. This study estimated the proportions, prevalence ratio (PR), and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). In total, 60,202 individuals were evaluated in 2013 and 88,531 in 2019, of these 24.4% reported arterial hypertension in 2013 and 23.9% in 2019. Women received more medical care for hypertension within the last year (PR = 1.07; 95%CI: 1.04; 1.11), had the last physician appointment at an basic health unit (PR = 1.11; 95%CI: 1.05; 1.17) than men. About race/color, black people had more hospitalization for hypertension or some complication (PR = 1.2; 95%CI: 1.05; 1.38) and intense or very intense degree of limitation in performing daily activities (PR = 1.37; 95%CI: 1.06; 1.76). In 2019, inequalities were evidenced and worse indicators were observed for males, black, with low education and young age. Therefore, investments in the Brazilian Unified National Health System, as well as public policies and strategic actions are essential to reduce inequalities, promote health care.
Subject(s)
Health Promotion , Hypertension , Adult , Brazil/epidemiology , Female , Health Services Accessibility , Health Surveys , Humans , Hypertension/epidemiology , Male , Self Report , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
This study compared indicators of care and access to health services by adults who self-reported hypertension in 2013 and 2019, analyzing those indicators according to gender, age group, schooling level, and race/color. This is an analytic study with data from the Brazilian National Health Survey (PNS), conducted in 2013 and 2019 in Brazil. The indicators to care and access to health services by individuals with arterial hypertension in both surveys were compared. For 2019, those indicators were analyzed according to sociodemographic characteristics. This study estimated the proportions, prevalence ratio (PR), and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). In total, 60,202 individuals were evaluated in 2013 and 88,531 in 2019, of these 24.4% reported arterial hypertension in 2013 and 23.9% in 2019. Women received more medical care for hypertension within the last year (PR = 1.07; 95%CI: 1.04; 1.11), had the last physician appointment at an basic health unit (PR = 1.11; 95%CI: 1.05; 1.17) than men. About race/color, black people had more hospitalization for hypertension or some complication (PR = 1.2; 95%CI: 1.05; 1.38) and intense or very intense degree of limitation in performing daily activities (PR = 1.37; 95%CI: 1.06; 1.76). In 2019, inequalities were evidenced and worse indicators were observed for males, black, with low education and young age. Therefore, investments in the Brazilian Unified National Health System, as well as public policies and strategic actions are essential to reduce inequalities, promote health care.
Este estudo comparou indicadores de cuidados e acesso aos serviços de saúde por adultos que se autodeclararam hipertensos em 2013 e 2019, analisando esses indicadores de acordo com o sexo, grupo etário, nível de escolaridade, e rala/cor. Estudo analítico com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS), realizado em 2013 e 2019 no Brasil. Os indicadores de cuidados e acesso aos serviços de saúde por indivíduos com hipertensão arterial em ambos os inquéritos foram comparados. Para 2019, esses indicadores foram analisados de acordo com características sociodemográficas. Este estudo estimou as proporções, as razões de prevalência (RP), e os respectivos intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC95%). No total, 60.202 indivíduos foram avaliados em 2013 e 88.531 em 2019, destes 24,4% referiram hipertensão arterial em 2013 e 23,9% em 2019. As mulheres receberam mais cuidados médicos para hipertensão no último ano (RP = 1,07; IC95%: 1,04; 1,11) e a última consulta médica na unidade básica de saúde (RP = 1,11; IC95%: 1,05; 1,17) que homens. Sobre raça/cor, os negros tiveram mais hospitalização por hipertensão ou alguma complicação (RP = 1,2; IC95%: 1,05; 1,38) e grau de limitação intenso ou muito intenso na realização de atividades diárias (RP = 1,37; IC95%: 1,06; 1,76). Em 2019, foram evidenciadas desigualdades e piores indicadores foram observados em homens, negros, com baixa escolaridade e idade jovem. Investimentos no Sistema Único de Saúde brasileiro, bem como políticas públicas e ações são essenciais para reduzir as desigualdades, promover os cuidados de saúde.
Este estudio comparó indicadores de atención y acceso a servicios de salud por parte de los adultos que se autodeclararon hipertensos en 2013 y 2019, analizando estos indicadores según género, grupo de edad, nivel de educación y raza/color. Estudio analítico con datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud (PNS) realizada en 2013 y 2019 en Brasil. Se compararon indicadores de atención y acceso a los servicios sanitarios de los individuos con hipertensión en ambas encuestas. Para 2019, estos indicadores se analizaron según características sociodemográficas. Este estudio estimó las proporciones, la razón de prevalencia (RP) y los respectivos intervalos de 95% de confianza (IC95%). En total, 60.202 individuos fueron evaluados en 2013 y 88.531 en 2019, de los cuales 24,4% declaró ser hipertenso en 2013 y 23,9% en 2019. Las mujeres recibieron mas atención médica por hipertensión en el último año (RP = 1,07; IC95%: 1,04; 1,11) y la última consulta médica en unidad básica de salud (RP = 1,11; IC95%: 1,05; 1,17) que los hombres. En cuanto raza/color, los negros tuvieron más hospitalizaciones por hipertensión o alguna complicación (RP = 1,2; IC95%: 1,05; 1,38) y un grado intenso o muy intenso de limitación para realizar actividades diarias (RP = 1,37; IC95%: 1,06; 1,76). En 2019, se evidenciaron desigualdades y se observaron peores indicadores en hombres, los negros, con baja educación y la edad joven. Las inversiones en el Sistema Único de Salud brasileño, así como políticas públicas y acciones son esenciales para reducir las desigualdades, promover la atención sanitaria.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Health Promotion , Hypertension/epidemiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Health Surveys , Self Report , Health Services AccessibilityABSTRACT
Our objective is to describe the differences in the sampling plans of the two editions of the Brazilian National Health Survey (PNS 2013 and 2019) and to evaluate how the changes affected the coefficient of variation (CV) and the design effect (Deff) of some estimated indicators. Variables from different parts of the questionnaire were analyzed to cover proportions with different magnitudes. The prevalence of obesity was included in the analysis since anthropometry measurement in the 2019 survey was performed in a subsample. The value of the point estimate, CV, and the Deff were calculated for each indicator, considering the stratification of the primary sampling units, the weighting of the sampling units, and the clustering effect. The CV and the Deff were lower in the 2019 estimates for most indicators. Concerning the questionnaire indicators of all household members, the Deffs were high and reached values greater than 18 for having a health insurance plan. Regarding the indicators of the individual questionnaire, for the prevalence of obesity, the Deff ranged from 2.7 to 4.2, in 2013, and from 2.7 to 10.2, in 2019. The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes per Federative Unit had a higher CV and lower Deff. Expanding the sample size to meet the diverse health objectives and the high Deff are significant challenges for developing probabilistic household-based national survey. New probabilistic sampling strategies should be considered to reduce costs and clustering effects.
Nosso objetivo é descrever as diferenças nos desenhos amostrais das duas edições da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS 2013 e 2019) e avaliar como suas mudanças afetaram o coeficiente de variação (CV) e o efeito do desenho (Deff) de alguns dos indicadores avaliados. Variáveis de diferentes partes do questionário foram analisadas para avaliar proporções com diferentes magnitudes. A prevalência de obesidade foi incluída na análise uma vez que a medição de antropometria na pesquisa de 2019 foi realizada em uma subamostra. Os valores do estimador pontual, CV e Deff foram calculados para cada indicador considerando a estratificação das unidades amostrais primárias, a ponderação das unidades amostrais, e o efeito do agrupamento. Para a maioria dos indicadores, CV e Deff foram menores nas estimativas de 2019. Em relação aos indicadores para todos os membros familiares, Deffs foram elevados e atingiram valores superiores a 18 para a posse de um plano de saúde. Quanto aos indicadores no questionário individual, Deff variou de 2,7 a 4,2 em 2013 e de 2,7 a 10,2 em 2019 para a prevalência de obesidade. A prevalência de hipertensão arterial e diabetes por Unidade Federativa apresentou CV maior e Deff menor. A expansão do tamanho da amostra para atender aos diversos objetivos de saúde e Deff altos são desafios expressivos para o desenvolvimento de uma pesquisa nacional domiciliar probabilística. Novas estratégias de amostragem probabilística devem ser consideradas para reduzir custos e efeitos do agrupamento.
Nuestro objetivo es describir las diferencias en los diseños muestrales de las dos ediciones de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud (PNS 2013 y 2019) y evaluar cómo sus cambios afectaron el coeficiente de variación (CV) y el efecto de diseño (Deff) de algunos de los indicadores evaluados. Se analizaron variables de diferentes partes del cuestionario para evaluar proporciones con diferentes magnitudes. La prevalencia de obesidad se incluyó en el análisis, ya que la medición de la antropometría en la encuesta de 2019 se realizó en una submuestra. Los valores del estimador puntual, CV y Deff se calcularon para cada indicador considerando la estratificación de las unidades de muestreo primarias, la ponderación de las unidades de muestreo y el efecto de agrupamiento. Para la mayoría de los indicadores, CV y Deff fueron más bajos en las estimaciones de 2019. En cuanto a los indicadores para todos los miembros de la familia, los Deff fueron altos y alcanzaron valores superiores a 18 por tener un plan de salud. En cuanto a los indicadores del cuestionario individual, Deff osciló entre 2,7 y 4,2 en 2013, y entre 2,7 y 10,2 en 2019 para la prevalencia de obesidad. La prevalencia de hipertensión arterial y diabetes por Unidad Federativa tuvo mayor CV y menor Deff. Un mayor tamaño de la muestra para cumplir con los diversos objetivos de salud y un alto valor de Deff son desafíos importantes para el desarrollo de una encuesta nacional domiciliar probabilística. Se deben considerar nuevas estrategias de muestreo probabilístico para reducir los costos y efectos de agrupamiento.
Subject(s)
Humans , Obesity/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cluster Analysis , Health Surveys , Sample SizeABSTRACT
Objetivo: Descrever a proporção de adultos com hipertensão e diabetes que obtiveram medicamentos no Programa Farmácia Popular do Brasil. Método: Estudo descritivo de base populacional, com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2019. Analisou-se a proporção de indivíduos que obtiveram ao menos um medicamento para hipertensão e diabetes no Programa, segundo características socioeconômicas e demográficas, por regiões e Unidades da Federação. Resultados: A proporção de indivíduos que obtiveram medicamentos para hipertensão foi de 45,1% (IC95% 43,7;46,5), e para diabetes, 51,5% (IC95% 49,5;53,6). Para ambas as condições, hipertensão e diabetes, respectivamente, a aquisição foi maior na região Sul (54,3%; IC95% 51,3;57,2 e 59,1%; IC95% 54,6;63,7) e menor nos estratos de maior nível de instrução (30,9%; IC95% 27,7;34,2 e 40,7%; IC95% 35,1;46,3) e renda (24,0%; IC95% 19,7;28,2 e 28,9%; IC95% 22,1;35,7). Conclusão: Desigualdades regionais e socioeconômicas foram identificadas na obtenção de medicamentos para hipertensão e diabetes pelo programa.
Objetivo: Describir la proporción de adultos con hipertensión y diabetes que obtuvieron medicación del Programa Farmacia Popular de Brasil. Método: Estudio descriptivo de base poblacional, con datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2019. Se analizó la proporción de obtener medicamento para la hipertensión y la diabetes en el Programa según características socioeconómicas y demográficas, por regiones y unidades federativas. Resultados: La proporción de obtención fue del 45,1% (IC95% 43,7;46,5), para la hipertensión y del 51,5% (IC95% 49,5;53,6) para la diabetes. Respectivamente para ambas condiciones, la obtención fue mayor en el Sur (54,3%; IC95% 51,3;57,2 y 59,1%; IC95% 54,6;63,7) y menor en estrato superior de educación (30,9%; IC95% 27,7;34,2 y 40,7%; IC95% 35,1;46,3) e ingresos (24,0%; IC95% 19,7;28,2 y 28,9%; IC95% 22,1;35,7). Conclusión: Se identificaron desigualdades regionales y socioeconómicas en la obtención de medicamentos para la hipertensión y la diabetes por parte del programa.
Objective: To describe the proportion of adults with hypertension and diabetes who obtained medication through the Brazilian Popular Pharmacy Program (Programa Farmácia Popular). Method: Population-based descriptive study, using data from the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey. The proportion of individuals who obtained at least one type of medication for hypertension and diabetes in the Program was analysed according to socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, by regions and federative units. Results: The proportion of individuals who obtained medication for hypertension was 45.1% (95%CI 43.7;46.5), and, for diabetes, 51.5% (95%CI 49.5;53.6). Respectively for both conditions, medication obtainment was higher in the South region (54.3%; 95%CI 51.3;57.2 and 59.1%; 95%CI 54.6;63.7) and lower in the higher strata level of education (30.9%; 95%CI 27.7;34.2 and 40.7%; 95%CI 35.1;46.3) and income (24.0%; 95%CI 19.7;28.2 and 28.9%; 95%CI 22.1;35.7). Conclusion: Regional and socioeconomic inequalities were identified in obtaining medication for hypertension and diabetes through the Program.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Chronic Disease , National Policy of Pharmaceutical Assistance , Access to Essential Medicines and Health Technologies , Brazil/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy , Hypertension/drug therapyABSTRACT
Objetivo: Descrever os indicadores de abandono do uso de tabaco, em 2013 e 2019, para o Brasil e as Unidades da Federação, segundo variáveis sociodemográficas, coletadas na Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS). Métodos: Estudo transversal, populacional e descritivo realizado com dados da PNS 2013 e 2019, uma pesquisa domiciliar coletada por entrevistadores treinados. Foram calculadas a prevalência de ex-fumantes e a proporção de fumantes que tentaram parar de fumar nos últimos 12 meses imediatamente anteriores à data da entrevista, e os respectivos intervalos de confiança (IC95%), segundo as variáveis sociodemográficas. Ademais, calculou-se a variação percentual entre os anos estudados. Resultados: Em 2013, a prevalência de ex-fumantes foi 17,5% (IC95% 16,9;18,0) e, em 2019, 26,6% (IC95% 26,1;27,2). Tentaram parar de fumar 51,1% (IC95% 49,3;52,9), em 2013, e 46,6% (IC95% 45,0;48,3) em 2019. Conclusão: É importante o fortalecimento e manutenção de estratégias para enfrentamento do uso de tabaco no país, de forma a aumentar a disposição e a capacidade do fumante atual de parar de fumar.
Objetivo: Describir los indicadores de abandono del hábito tabáquico en 2013 y 2019 para Brasil y Unidades Federadas, según variables sociodemográficas, recogidas en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud (PNS). Métodos: Estudio transversal, poblacional y descriptivo con datos de las PNS, 2013 y 2019, una encuesta de hogares recolectada por entrevistadores capacitados. Se calculó la prevalencia de exfumadores y proporción de fumadores que intentaron dejar de fumar en los últimos 12 meses y respectivos intervalos de confianza (IC95%), según variables sociodemográficas. Además, se calculó la variación porcentual entre los años. Resultados: En 2013, la prevalencia de exfumadores fue de 17,5% (IC95% 16,9;18,0), en 2019, 26,6% (IC95% 26,1;27,2). En 2013, el 51,1% intentó dejar de fumar (IC95% 49,3;52,9), y, en 2019, el 46,6% (IC95% 45,0;48,3). Conclusión: Es importante fortalecer y mantener las estrategias de afrontamiento del tabaquismo, para incrementar la disposición y capacidad del fumador actual para dejar de fumar.
Objective: To describe the indicators of smoking cessation in 2013 and 2019 for Brazil and federative units, according to sociodemographic variables, collected in the National Health Survey (PNS). Methods: Cross-sectional, population-based and descriptive study with data from the 2013 and 2019 PNS, a household survey collected by trained interviewers. The prevalence of ex-smokers and the proportion of smokers who tried to quit smoking in the 12 months prior to the interview, and respective confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated, according to sociodemographic variables. Additionally, the percentage variation between the years was calculated. Results: In 2013, the prevalence of ex-smokers was 17.5% (95%CI 16.9;18.0) and, in 2019, 26.6% (95%CI 26.1;27.2). In 2013, 51.1% tried to quit smoking (95%CI 49.3;52.9) and, in 2019, 46.6% (95%CI 45.0;48.3). Conclusion: It is important to strengthen and maintain strategies for coping with tobacco use in Brazil, to increase the current smoker's willingness and ability to quit smoking.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology , Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data , Ex-Smokers/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/epidemiology , Health SurveysABSTRACT
Objetivo: Monitorar o alcance das metas pactuadas nos planos de enfrentamento das Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis (DCNTs). Métodos: Estudo transversal, com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) de 2013 e 2019. Avaliaram-se as metas, até 2025, para inatividade física, consumo de bebidas alcoólicas, sal/sódio, uso do tabaco, hipertensão arterial, diabetes, excesso de peso, obesidade, cobertura do Papanicolau e terapia medicamentosa e aconselhamento pelo cálculo de razões de prevalência (RP). Resultados: Foram avaliados 60.202 indivíduos em 2013 e 88.531 em 2019. As metas para inatividade física (RP = 0,88; IC95% 0,86;0,90) e cobertura do Papanicolau (79,4%; IC95% 78,3;80,3) foram alcançadas. Reduziu-se o uso do tabaco, mas abaixo da meta. As prevalências de hipertensão, diabetes, excesso de peso, obesidade e consumo de bebidas alcoólicas aumentaram, e as metas não serão atingidas. Conclusão: Dois indicadores alcançaram as metas pactuadas, contudo é necessário avançar em ações e políticas para cumprir as demais.
Objetivo: Monitorear el logro de las metas acordadas para el control y prevención de Enfermedades Crónicas No Transmisibles. Métodos: estudio transversal, con datos de la Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2013 y 2019. Se evaluaron las metas hasta 2025: inactividad física, consumo de alcohol, sal/sodio, tabaquismo, hipertensión, diabetes, sobrepeso, obesidad, Papanicolaou cobertura y terapia y asesoramiento farmacológico. Calculado la razón de prevalencia (RP). Resultados: Un total de 60,202 individuos fueron evaluados en 2013 y 88,531 en 2019. Se alcanzaron los objetivos de inactividad física (RP = 0,88; IC95%: 0,86;0,90) y cobertura de la prueba de Papanicolaou (79,4%; IC95%: 78,3;80,3). El consumo de tabaco se redujo, pero por debajo del objetivo. Se incrementó hipertensión, diabetes, sobrepeso, obesidad y consumo de alcohol y no se alcanzarán las metas. Conclusión: Dos indicadores alcanzaron las metas acordadas, sin embargo, es necesario avanzar en acciones y políticas para cumplir con los demás.
Objective: To monitor the achievement of the action plans for the prevention and control of Non-Communicable Diseases agreed-upon targets. Methods: Cross-sectional study, with data from the 2013 and 2019 National Health Survey. The following targets, up to 2025, were evaluated: physical inactivity, alcohol consumption, salt/sodium, tobacco use, high blood pressure, diabetes, overweight, obesity, cervical cytology testing, and drug therapy and counseling. To check whether the targets were achieved, the prevalence ratio was calculated (PR). Results: 60,202 individuals were assessed in 2013, and 88,531 in 2019. The targets for physical inactivity (PR = 0.88; 95%CI 0.86;0.90) and cervical cytology coverage (79.4%; 95%CI 78.3;80.3) were achieved. Tobacco use was reduced, albeit below the target. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, overweight, obesity and alcohol consumption increased, and the targets will not be attained. Conclusion: Two indicators reached the agreed targets, however it is necessary to advance in actions and policies to meet the others.
