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1.
Parasitol. latinoam ; 60(3/4): 105-121, dic. 2005. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-460425

ABSTRACT

El citocromo c catalizó la oxidación de las fenotiazinas (FTZ) en presencia de peróxido de hidrógeno. La formación del radical catiónico de promazina (PZ+.) se demostró por espectrofo-tometría y por su conversión a promazina sulfóxido La dihidrolipoamida deshidrogenasa (LADH) del Trypanosoma cruzi es inhibida irreversiblemente por el sistema citocromo c/H2O2 complementado con fenotiazinas. La inactivación de la LADH del parásito varía según la estructura de las FTZ, el tiempo de incubación del sistema pro-oxidante con la LADH, y la presencia de un antioxidante supresor de radicales FTZ+. Entre las 12 FTZ ensayadas, la promazina (PZ), tioridazina (TRDZ) y trimeprazina (TMPZ) fueron las más efectivas produciendo inactivaciones de 82 por ciento,76 por ciento y 72 por ciento, respectivamente, a los 90 min de incubación. El efecto de PZ (con grupo alquilamino en la posición N 10) disminuyó por modificación de su estructura en la posición 2 (efecto inactivante de PZ > cloropromazina (CPZ) > propionilpromazina (PPZ) > trifluopromazina (TFPZ) o en la posición 10 ( efecto inactivante de PZ > TMPZ > prometazina (PMTZ).El efecto de las FTZ con sustituyente piperidinil en N 10 dependió del grupo de la posición 2 ( SCH3, en TRDZ de mayor efecto; CN, en propericiazina (PCYZ), la de menor efecto entre las FTZ estudiadas). Parece que la presencia del sustituyente piperazinil en posición N 10 no tiene función importante en el efecto inactivante de las FTZ, el cual dependió de la estructura del grupo en la posición 2. El efecto de los compuestos con Cl en posición 2 (CPZ, procloroperazina (PCP), perfenazina (PFZ)) fue mayor que el obtenido con los compuestos CF3 (TFPZ, trifluoroperazina (TFP), flufenazina (FFZ), e independiente de la estructura del sustituyente N 10.El efecto de las FTZ sobre la LADH de T. cruzi depende, por lo menos en parte, de la estabilidad de los radicales FTZ+. generados por la actividad peroxidasa. La LADH T c, en comparación con la LADH de mamífero...


Cytochrome c catalyzed the oxidation of phenothiazines (PTZ) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The transient formation of the promazine radical cation (PZ+.) has been demonstrated by light absorption measurements as well as by its conversión to promazine sulfoxide. Trypanosoma cruzi dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (LADH T c) was irreversibly inhibited by treatment with cytochrome c (cyt c)/H2O2 system supplemented with PTZ. LADH T c inactivation depended on a) The PTZ structure b) Time of incubación with the complete oxidant system c) The presence of an antioxidant that intercept free radicals. PZ, thioridazine (TRDZ) and trimeprazine (TMPZ), were the most effective systems out of twelve PTZ studied, with inactivation values of 82, 76 and 72%, respectively, after 90 min of incubation. LADH T c inactivation by PZ (with alkylamine substituent at N 10 position) decreased by its structural modification at 2 position (inactivation PZ > chlorpromazine (CPZ) > propionylpromazine (PPZ)>trifluopromazine (TFPZ)) or at N 10 position (inactivation PZ > TMPZ > promethazine (PMTZ)) PTZ activity with piperidinyl substituent at N10 position depended on the group at 2 position (TRDZ, with thiomethyl group, has high inactivating effect on LADH T c; propericyazine (PCYZ), with cyano group, is much less active). Apparently, piperazinyl substituent at the N10 position on the phenothiazine have not an important function in the compound's inactivating effect on LADH T c. The effect of PTZ with Cl at 2 position (CPZ, prochlorperazine (PCP), perphenazine (PFZ)) was higher than the effect of compounds with CF3 in the same position (TFPZ,trifluoperazine (TFP),fluphenazine (FFZ) ) independent on the structure of substituents at N10 position. Production of PTZ+. radicals was essential for LADH T c inactivation and this effect depended on the stability of these free radicals. Comparision of inactivation values for LADH T c and mammalian LADH demonstrated...


Subject(s)
Animals , Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase/antagonists & inhibitors , Phenothiazines/pharmacology , Trypanosoma cruzi , Trypanocidal Agents/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Cytochromes c/metabolism , Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase , Peroxidases/metabolism , Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism , Time Factors , Trypanosoma cruzi/physiology
2.
Arch Biochem Biophys ; 432(2): 129-35, 2004 Dec 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15542051

ABSTRACT

2-Phenyl-beta-lapachone (3,4-dihydro-2-methyl-2-phenyl-2H-naphtho[1,2b]pyran-5,6-dione) (2PBL) is a o-naphthoquinone synthesized as a possible antitumoral agent. The addition of micromolar concentrations of 2PBL to rat liver mitochondria (in the presence of malate-glutamate or succinate, as respiratory substrates): (1) stimulated O(2) consumption in state 4 and inhibited O(2) consumption in state 3, thus decreasing respiratory control index (RCI); and (2) collapsed the mitochondrial membrane potential. The addition of 2PBL to rat liver submitochondrial particles: (1) stimulated NADH oxidation in the presence of rotenone, antimycin, myxothiazol or cyanide; (2) stimulated (.-)O(2)(-) production in the presence of NADH and antimycin; and (3) led to 2PBL semiquinone radical production. Control studies carried out with two p-naphthoquinones, menadione and atovaquone, did not produced equivalent effects. These findings support the hypothesis that 2PBL, undergoes redox cycling and affects mitochondrial function. The 2PBL effect is complex, involving inhibition of electron transfer, uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential and (.-)O(2)(-) production by redox cycling. The mitochondrion could be a target organelle for 2PBL cytotoxicity.


Subject(s)
Mitochondria/drug effects , Mitochondria/physiology , Naphthoquinones/pharmacology , Oxygen/metabolism , Animals , Atovaquone , Cell Respiration/drug effects , Cell Respiration/physiology , Cells, Cultured , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Energy Metabolism/drug effects , Energy Metabolism/physiology , Male , Membrane Potentials/drug effects , Membrane Potentials/physiology , Oxidation-Reduction/drug effects , Oxygen Consumption/drug effects , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Vitamin K 3/pharmacology
3.
Mol Biochem Parasitol ; 135(2): 211-9, 2004 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15110462

ABSTRACT

Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase has been purified more than 160000-fold from Crithidia fasciculata. This is the first PARP isolated to apparent homogeneity from trypanosomatids. The purified enzyme absolutely required DNA for catalytic activity and histones enhanced it 2.5-fold, when the DNA:histone ratio was 1:1.3. The enzyme required no magnesium or any other metal ion cofactor. The apparent molecular mass of 111 kDa, determined by gel filtration would correspond to a dimer of two identical 55-kDa subunits. Activity was inhibited by nicotinamide, 3-aminobenzamide, theophylline, thymidine, xanthine and hypoxanthine but not by adenosine. The enzyme was localized to the cell nucleus. Our findings suggest that covalent poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of PARP itself or DNA topoisomerase I resulted in the inhibition of their activities and provide an initial biochemical characterization of this covalent post-translational modification in trypanosomatids.


Subject(s)
Crithidia fasciculata/enzymology , DNA Topoisomerases, Type I/metabolism , Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/metabolism , Protozoan Proteins/metabolism , Animals , Chromatography, Ion Exchange , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Kinetics , Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/isolation & purification , Protozoan Proteins/isolation & purification
5.
Biocell ; 27(2): 213-24, 2003 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14510240

ABSTRACT

CG 10-248 (3,4-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-9-chloro-2H-naphtho[1,2b]pyran-5,6-dione; CG-NQ), a beta-lapachone analogue, modified the ultrastructure of rat hepatocytes, as demonstrated by light and electron microscopy. After 4 h incubation with 100 microM CG-NQ, the following effects were observed: (a) nuclear chromatin condensation; (b) chromatin fragmentation; (c) displacement of mitochondria, concentrated around the nucleus; (d) disruption or expansion of mitochondrial outer or inner membranes, respectively; (e) displacement and alteration of endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth); (f) decrease of microvilli; (g) blebbing of plasma membrane and production of apoptotic bodies formed by folding of plasma membrane fragments around mitochondria or peroxysomes; and (h) production of hydrogen peroxide. Expression of such effects varied according to hepatocyte samples and taken together strongly support an apoptotic action of CG-NQ dependent on "reactive oxygen species".


Subject(s)
Apoptosis/drug effects , Hepatocytes/drug effects , Naphthoquinones/pharmacology , Naphthoquinones/toxicity , Animals , Apoptosis/physiology , Cell Surface Extensions/drug effects , Cell Surface Extensions/pathology , Cell Surface Extensions/ultrastructure , Cells, Cultured , Chromatin/drug effects , Chromatin/pathology , DNA Fragmentation/drug effects , DNA Fragmentation/physiology , Endoplasmic Reticulum/drug effects , Endoplasmic Reticulum/pathology , Endoplasmic Reticulum/ultrastructure , Hepatocytes/metabolism , Hepatocytes/ultrastructure , Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism , Intracellular Membranes/drug effects , Intracellular Membranes/pathology , Intracellular Membranes/ultrastructure , Male , Microscopy, Electron , Microvilli/drug effects , Microvilli/pathology , Microvilli/ultrastructure , Mitochondria/drug effects , Mitochondria/pathology , Mitochondria/ultrastructure , Rats , Rats, Wistar
6.
Free Radic Res ; 37(3): 281-91, 2003 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12688423

ABSTRACT

Phenothiazine cation radicals (PTZ+*) irreversibly inactivated Trypanosoma cruzi dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (LADH). These radicals were obtained by phenothiazine (PTZ) peroxidation with myeloperoxidase (MPO) or horseradish peroxidase (HRP/H2O2) systems. LADH inactivation depended on PTZ structure and incubation time. After 10 min incubation of LADH with the MPO-dependent systems, promazine, trimeprazine and thioridazine were the most effective; after 30 min incubation, chlorpromazine, prochlorperazine and promethazine were similarly effective. HRP-dependent systems were equally or more effective than the corresponding MPO-dependent ones. Chloro, trifluoro, propionyl and nitrile groups at position 2 of the PTZ ring significantly decreased molecular activity, specially with the MPO/H2O2 systems. Comparison of inactivation values for LADH and T. cruzi trypanothione reductase demonstrated a greater sensitivity of LADH to chlorpromazine and perphenazine and a 10-fold lower sensitivity to promazine, thioridazine and trimeprazine. Alkylamino, alkyl-piperidinyl or alkyl-piperazinyl groups at position 10 modulated PTZ activity to a limited degree. Production of PTZ+* radicals was demonstrated by optical and ESR spectroscopy methods. PTZ+* radicals stability depended on their structure as demonstrated by promazine and thioridazine radicals. Thiol compounds such as GSH and N-acetylcysteine, L-tyrosine, L-tryptophan, the corresponding peptides, ascorbate and Trolox, prevented LADH inactivation by the MPO/H2O2/thioridazine system, in close agreement with their action as PTZ+* scavengers. NADH (not NAD+) produced transient protection of LADH against thioridazine and promazine radicals, the protection kinetics being affected by the relatively fast rate of NADH oxidation by these radicals. The role of the observed effects of PTZ radicals for PTZ cytotoxicity is discussed.


Subject(s)
Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase/antagonists & inhibitors , Free Radical Scavengers/pharmacology , Free Radicals , Phenothiazines/pharmacology , Trypanosoma cruzi/enzymology , Amino Acids/chemistry , Animals , Antioxidants/chemistry , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Antipsychotic Agents/pharmacology , Cations , Chlorpromazine/pharmacology , Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase/chemistry , Free Radical Scavengers/metabolism , Glutathione/metabolism , Horseradish Peroxidase/metabolism , Hydrogen Peroxide/chemistry , Models, Chemical , NAD/metabolism , Oxygen/metabolism , Peroxidase/metabolism , Perphenazine/pharmacology , Phenothiazines/chemistry , Pyridines/chemistry , Recombinant Proteins/chemistry , Sulfhydryl Compounds/chemistry , Time Factors
7.
Biocell ; 27(2): 213-24, 2003 Aug.
Article in English | BINACIS | ID: bin-38894

ABSTRACT

CG 10-248 (3,4-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-9-chloro-2H-naphtho[1,2b]pyran-5,6-dione; CG-NQ), a beta-lapachone analogue, modified the ultrastructure of rat hepatocytes, as demonstrated by light and electron microscopy. After 4 h incubation with 100 microM CG-NQ, the following effects were observed: (a) nuclear chromatin condensation; (b) chromatin fragmentation; (c) displacement of mitochondria, concentrated around the nucleus; (d) disruption or expansion of mitochondrial outer or inner membranes, respectively; (e) displacement and alteration of endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth); (f) decrease of microvilli; (g) blebbing of plasma membrane and production of apoptotic bodies formed by folding of plasma membrane fragments around mitochondria or peroxysomes; and (h) production of hydrogen peroxide. Expression of such effects varied according to hepatocyte samples and taken together strongly support an apoptotic action of CG-NQ dependent on [quot ]reactive oxygen species[quot ].

10.
Bol. Acad. Nac. Med. B.Aires ; 80(2): 323-343, jul.-dic. 2002. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-384016

ABSTRACT

Las fenotiazinas (FTZs) son agentes terapéuticos importantes especialmente como neurolépticos, no obstante sus efectos tóxicos secundarios. Algunas FTZs tienen también acción tripanocida sobre el Trypanosoma cruzi, agente causal de la enfermedad de Chagas, in vitro e in vivo. Esa actividad se atribuye a la molecula neutra aunque el tratamiento de las FTZs con peroxidasas produce los radicales catiónicos correspondientes (PTZ+À). En este trabajo demostramos que el tratamiento de varias FTZs con sistemas peroxidasa/H2O2' genera los radicales FTZ+À, potentes inhibidores de enzimas como la dihidrolipoamida deshidrogenasa (LADH) del T. cruzi. La inactivación de esas enzimas dependió de la actividad de la peroxidasa, la estructura de la FTZ y del tiempo de incubación del sistema inactivante con la enzima. Con el sistema mieloperoxidasa (MPO)/H2O2 con la mieloperoxidasa de leucocitos humanos, la Promazina (PZ), la Trimeprazina (TMPZ), La Tioridazina (TRDZ), la Prometazina (PMTZ) y la Clorpromazina (CPZ) resultaron inactivadores eficaces de la LADH, a la concentración 100 µM de FTZ, después de 30 minutos de incubación del sistema con la enzima. La Propionilpromazina resultó mucho menos activa y la Trifluopromazina (TFPZ) inactiva, de acuerdo a la estructura del sustituyente en la posición 2 de la mólecula de FTZ. Efectos similares se obtuvieron con el sistema Mb/H2O2', con mioglobina de músculo estriado como peroxidasa aunque con el mismo la influencia de la estructura de la FTZ fue menos notable que con la MPO. La acción de la peroxidasa en la inactivación de la LADH fue confirmada con la peroxidasa de rábano, que fue activa con todas las FTZs ensayadas. Resultados similares se obtuvieron con la LADH de miocardio, si bien con esta enzima el efecto de los sistemas peroxidasa/H2O2/FTZ fue significativamente menor (cerca de 50 por ciento) que con la enzima de T. cruzi. La formación de los radicales catiónicos de las FTZ se demostró con el sistema HRP/H2O2/TRDZ. El tiol N-acetilcisteína (NAC) inhibió completamente esa formación. Por consiguiente, tioles como el glutatión reducido, NAC, el Captopril y la Penicilamina previnieron la inactivación de las LADHs por el sistema MPO/H2O2/TRDZ. Los resultados presentados constituyen una contribución a la farmacología de las FTZ.


Subject(s)
Cardiomyopathies , Phenothiazines , Trypanosoma cruzi , Peroxidase , Trypanocidal Agents
13.
Bol. Acad. Nac. Med. B.Aires ; 80(2): 323-343, jul.-dic. 2002. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-4030

ABSTRACT

Las fenotiazinas (FTZs) son agentes terapéuticos importantes especialmente como neurolépticos, no obstante sus efectos tóxicos secundarios. Algunas FTZs tienen también acción tripanocida sobre el Trypanosoma cruzi, agente causal de la enfermedad de Chagas, in vitro e in vivo. Esa actividad se atribuye a la molecula neutra aunque el tratamiento de las FTZs con peroxidasas produce los radicales catiónicos correspondientes (PTZ+A). En este trabajo demostramos que el tratamiento de varias FTZs con sistemas peroxidasa/H2O2 genera los radicales FTZ+A, potentes inhibidores de enzimas como la dihidrolipoamida deshidrogenasa (LADH) del T. cruzi. La inactivación de esas enzimas dependió de la actividad de la peroxidasa, la estructura de la FTZ y del tiempo de incubación del sistema inactivante con la enzima. Con el sistema mieloperoxidasa (MPO)/H2O2 con la mieloperoxidasa de leucocitos humanos, la Promazina (PZ), la Trimeprazina (TMPZ), La Tioridazina (TRDZ), la Prometazina (PMTZ) y la Clorpromazina (CPZ) resultaron inactivadores eficaces de la LADH, a la concentración 100 AM de FTZ, después de 30 minutos de incubación del sistema con la enzima. La Propionilpromazina resultó mucho menos activa y la Trifluopromazina (TFPZ) inactiva, de acuerdo a la estructura del sustituyente en la posición 2 de la mólecula de FTZ. Efectos similares se obtuvieron con el sistema Mb/H2O2, con mioglobina de músculo estriado como peroxidasa aunque con el mismo la influencia de la estructura de la FTZ fue menos notable que con la MPO. La acción de la peroxidasa en la inactivación de la LADH fue confirmada con la peroxidasa de rábano, que fue activa con todas las FTZs ensayadas. Resultados similares se obtuvieron con la LADH de miocardio, si bien con esta enzima el efecto de los sistemas peroxidasa/H2O2/FTZ fue significativamente menor (cerca de 50 por ciento) que con la enzima de T. cruzi. La formación de los radicales catiónicos de las FTZ se demostró con el sistema HRP/H2O2/TRDZ. El tiol N-acetilcisteína (NAC) inhibió completamente esa formación. Por consiguiente, tioles como el glutatión reducido, NAC, el Captopril y la Penicilamina previnieron la inactivación de las LADHs por el sistema MPO/H2O2/TRDZ. Los resultados presentados constituyen una contribución a la farmacología de las FTZ. (AU)


Subject(s)
Phenothiazines/pharmacology , Trypanosoma cruzi , Cardiomyopathies , Peroxidase , Trypanocidal Agents
14.
Biocell ; 26(2): 237-45, 2002 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12240558

ABSTRACT

CG 10-248 (3,4-dihydro-2,2 dimethyl-9-chloro-2H-naphtho[1,2b]pyran-5,6-dione), a beta-lapachone analogue, modified the ultrastructure of rat liver mitochondria in vitro, in the absence of added oxidizable substrates. The condensed mitochondrial state was replaced by the orthodox or swollen state to a significant degree. The number of modified mitochondria depended on incubation time and quinone concentration, in the 25-100 microM range. Under the same experimental conditions, mitochondrial respiration was uncoupled as indicated by the increase in the rate of succinate oxidation by controlled mitochondria in metabolic state "4" (not in state "3"), and by the activation of latent F0F1-ATP synthase. Taking into account structural similarities, the results reported here may be valid for other o-naphthoquinones, such as beta-lapachone.


Subject(s)
Mitochondria, Liver/drug effects , Naphthoquinones/pharmacology , Animals , Hydrolysis , Male , Mitochondria/metabolism , Mitochondria, Liver/ultrastructure , Oxygen/metabolism , Proton-Translocating ATPases/metabolism , Quinones/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Structure-Activity Relationship , Time Factors
15.
Biocell ; 26(2): 237-245, Aug. 2002.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-335848

ABSTRACT

CG 10-248 (3,4-dihydro-2,2 dimethyl-9-chloro-2H-naphtho[1,2b]pyran-5,6-dione), a beta-lapachone analogue, modified the ultrastructure of rat liver mitochondria in vitro, in the absence of added oxidizable substrates. The condensed mitochondrial state was replaced by the orthodox or swollen state to a significant degree. The number of modified mitochondria depended on incubation time and quinone concentration, in the 25-100 microM range. Under the same experimental conditions, mitochondrial respiration was uncoupled as indicated by the increase in the rate of succinate oxidation by controlled mitochondria in metabolic state "4" (not in state "3"), and by the activation of latent F0F1-ATP synthase. Taking into account structural similarities, the results reported here may be valid for other o-naphthoquinones, such as beta-lapachone.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Mitochondria, Liver/drug effects , Naphthoquinones , Proton-Translocating ATPases/metabolism , Hydrolysis , Mitochondria , Mitochondria, Liver/ultrastructure , Oxygen/metabolism , Quinones , Rats, Wistar , Structure-Activity Relationship , Time Factors
16.
Biocell ; 26(2): 237-245, Aug. 2002.
Article in English | BINACIS | ID: bin-6470

ABSTRACT

CG 10-248 (3,4-dihydro-2,2 dimethyl-9-chloro-2H-naphtho[1,2b]pyran-5,6-dione), a beta-lapachone analogue, modified the ultrastructure of rat liver mitochondria in vitro, in the absence of added oxidizable substrates. The condensed mitochondrial state was replaced by the orthodox or swollen state to a significant degree. The number of modified mitochondria depended on incubation time and quinone concentration, in the 25-100 microM range. Under the same experimental conditions, mitochondrial respiration was uncoupled as indicated by the increase in the rate of succinate oxidation by controlled mitochondria in metabolic state "4" (not in state "3"), and by the activation of latent F0F1-ATP synthase. Taking into account structural similarities, the results reported here may be valid for other o-naphthoquinones, such as beta-lapachone.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOVT , Mitochondria, Liver/drug effects , Naphthoquinones/pharmacology , Hydrolysis , Mitochondria/metabolism , Mitochondria, Liver/ultrastructure , Oxygen/metabolism , Proton-Translocating ATPases/metabolism , Quinones/metabolism , Rats, Wistar , Structure-Activity Relationship , Time Factors
19.
Biocell ; 26(2): 237-45, 2002 Aug.
Article in English | BINACIS | ID: bin-39151

ABSTRACT

CG 10-248 (3,4-dihydro-2,2 dimethyl-9-chloro-2H-naphtho[1,2b]pyran-5,6-dione), a beta-lapachone analogue, modified the ultrastructure of rat liver mitochondria in vitro, in the absence of added oxidizable substrates. The condensed mitochondrial state was replaced by the orthodox or swollen state to a significant degree. The number of modified mitochondria depended on incubation time and quinone concentration, in the 25-100 microM range. Under the same experimental conditions, mitochondrial respiration was uncoupled as indicated by the increase in the rate of succinate oxidation by controlled mitochondria in metabolic state [quot ]4[quot ] (not in state [quot ]3[quot ]), and by the activation of latent F0F1-ATP synthase. Taking into account structural similarities, the results reported here may be valid for other o-naphthoquinones, such as beta-lapachone.

20.
Bol. Acad. Nac. Med. B.Aires ; 79(1): 81-99, ene.-jun. 2001. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-310997

ABSTRACT

La ß-lapachona (ß-lap) es una o-naftoquinona extraída de la madera del lapacho. Las observaciones iniciales mostraron su acción inhibidora del crecimiento del sarcoma de Yoshida, del carcinosarcoma de Walker 256 y del Trypanosoma cruzi. La ß-lap genera productos reactivos del oxígeno (EROS: anión superóxido, radical hidroxilo y peróxido de hidrógeno) a los que inicialmente se atribuyó su citotoxicidad. ß-lap resultó un potente inhibidor de la síntesis de ADN en T. cruzi, de las topoisomerasas I y II de la poli(ADP-ribosa) polimerasa (PARP) de diferentes orígenes, enzimas responsables de la reparación y mantenimiento de la estructura del ADN. Se investigó la citotoxicidad de ß-lap en células de cáncer epidermoide de laringe, melanoma, cáncer de ovario, de mama, de próstata, de pulmón, adenocarcinoma de colon y diferentes formas de leucemia aportando un mejor conocimiento de los mecanismos moleculares involucrados en la acción de ß-lap y su relación con los procesos de apoptosis y necrosis. Entre esos mecanismos se comprobó la activación de la calpaina, proteasa cuya actividad depende de tioles, seguida por la activación de quinasas (c-JUN), caspasas y nucleasas, que finalmente degradan al ADN y a las proteínas celulares. Una reacción importante para la actividad de la ß-lap es su reducción enzimática, especialmente por la diaforasa y la NAD(P)H-quinona reductasa, que inician la producción de EROS. La acción de ß-lap sobre células tumorales resultaría de la inhibición directa de enzimas como las topoisomerasas, PARP y el factor TNF, sumada a la acción de radicales libres generados por la ß-lap. Los efectos citostáticos de ß-lap han abierto interesantes perspectivas para la quimioterapia del cáncer.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , ADP Ribose Transferases , Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology , Apoptosis , Reactive Oxygen Species , Naphthoquinones , Neoplasms , Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use , Carcinoma 256, Walker , Naphthoquinones , Neoplasms , Sarcoma, Yoshida
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