Subject(s)
Diabetes, Gestational/classification , Diabetes, Gestational/etiology , Birth Weight , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology , Diabetes, Gestational/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Hyperglycemia/complications , Hyperglycemia/epidemiology , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Outcome , Prevalence , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND METHODS: The cranio-facial morphology has been evaluated on the basis of cephalometric studies in nine patients with Turner's syndrome. The aim of this study is to identify the growth model and the typical malocclusions of this syndrome. This study has been completed with an evaluation of mesio-distal dimension of permanent teeth. RESULTS: According to the literature, the results show: a flattening of the basal skull; a cross-bite coming from a transversal dimension reduction of the upper maxilla. A Class II malocclusion was found in two patients. All the patients showed a mandibular retrusion associated to maxillary retrusion in eight cases. The growth direction was normal in all the patients. CONCLUSIONS: A reduction of the mesio-distal diameter in all of the permanent teeth, was also found. This last measure was evaluated using the study casts.
Subject(s)
Cephalometry , Malocclusion, Angle Class II/etiology , Turner Syndrome/physiopathology , Humans , Malocclusion, Angle Class II/diagnostic imaging , Radiography , Skull/abnormalities , Skull/diagnostic imaging , TeleradiologyABSTRACT
The authors report on five cases of Seckel syndrome type I primordial dwarfism, belonging to three unrelated sibships. Immunological and cytogenetic investigations with DEB test did not evidence immunodeficiency or chromosomal fragility. HLA phenotype studies revealed an identical haplotype in affected sibs: a possible linkage with HLA is therefore suggested. Cranial magnetic resonance was performed in three patients and did not evidence any anomaly. One affected female showed precocious puberty at 7 years of age.
Subject(s)
Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics , Dwarfism/genetics , HLA Antigens/genetics , Intellectual Disability/genetics , Child , Female , Genetic Linkage , Haplotypes , Humans , Male , Pedigree , Puberty, Precocious/genetics , SyndromeABSTRACT
The term "Minimal Breast Cancer" includes different neoplastic changes, the common characteristic of which is an high survival rate (90% of cases) when the treatment is early started. In all patients with palpable nodules and in patients "at risk", thermography, mammography, xerography, echography and cytological examination by suction-needle, must be performed to rule out the existence of a "Minimal Breast Cancer". The methods of treatment preferred by the Authors, according to the different types of pathological changes, are the following: a) through follow-up or, alternatively, subcutaneous mastectomy when a "lobular carcinoma in situ"; b) subcutaneous mastectomy and axillary emptying when the diagnosis is found in "intraductal carcinoma"; c) mastectomy, performed according to Patey's technique, or removal of all the involved breast quadrant, axillary emptying and radiotherapy of the residual glandular parenchyma in case of ductal carcinoma or invasive lobular carcinoma less than 0.5 cm in diameter.
