Automated Landing Error Scoring System Performance and the Risk of Bone Stress Injury in Military Trainees.

CONTEXT: Lower extremity bone stress injuries (BSIs) place a significant burden on the health and readiness of the US Armed Forces. OBJECTIVE: To determine if preinjury baseline performance on an expanded and automated 22-item version of the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS-22) was associated with the incidence of BSIs in a military training population. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: US Military Academy at West Point, NY. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: A total of 2235 incoming cadets (510 females [22.8%]). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Multivariable Poisson regression models were used to produce adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRRs) to quantify the association between preinjury LESS scores and BSI incidence rate during follow-up and were adjusted for pertinent risk factors. Risk factors were included as covariates in the final model if the 95% CI for the crude IRR did not contain 1.00. RESULTS: A total of 54 BSIs occurred during the study period, resulting in an overall incidence rate of 0.07 BSI per 1000 person-days (95% CI = 0.05, 0.09). The mean number of exposure days was 345.4 ± 61.12 (range = 3-368 days). The final model was adjusted for sex and body mass index and yielded an adjusted IRR for a LESS-22 score of 1.06 (95% CI = 1.002, 1.13; P = .04), indicating that each additional LESS error documented at baseline was associated with a 6.0% increase in the incidence rate of BSI during the follow-up period. In addition, 6 individual LESS-22 items, including 2 newly added items, were significantly associated with the BSI incidence. CONCLUSIONS: We provided evidence that performance on the expanded and automated version of the LESS was associated with the BSI incidence in a military training population. The automated LESS-22 may be a scalable solution for screening military training populations for BSI risk.

Differences in Lower Extremity Movement Quality by Level of Sport Specialization in Cadets Entering a United States Service Academy.

BACKGROUND: Sport specialization in youth athletes is associated with increased risk for musculoskeletal injury; however, little is known about whether sport specialization is associated with lower extremity movement quality. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in lower extremity movement quality by level of sport specialization in US Service Academy cadets. HYPOTHESIS: Cadets who report an increased level of sport specialization would have a lower level of movement quality than those who are less specialized. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis from an ongoing prospective cohort study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 3. METHODS: Cadets completed the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) and a baseline questionnaire evaluating level of sport specialization during high school. Data were analyzed using separate 1-way analysis of variance models. RESULTS: Among all participants (n = 1950), 1045 (53.6%) reported low sport specialization, 600 (30.8%) reported moderate sport specialization, and 305 (15.6%) reported high sport specialization at the time of data collection during the first week. Ages ranged from 17 to 23 years. Men (1491) and women (459) reported comparable specialization levels (P = 0.45). There were no statistically significant differences in lower extremity movement quality by level of specialization for all subjects combined (P = 0.15) or when only men were included in the analyses (P = 0.69). However, there were statistically significant differences in movement quality by level of specialization in women (P = 0.02). Moderately specialized women had the best movement quality (mean, 4.63; SD, 2.21) followed by those with high specialization (mean, 4.90; SD, 2.08) and those with low levels of specialization (mean, 5.23; SD, 2.07). CONCLUSION: Women reporting moderate sport specialization had improved movement quality and significantly better LESS scores compared to those with high/low specialization. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Athletes, especially women, should be encouraged to avoid early sport specialization to optimize movement quality, which may affect injury risk.

Outcomes of hypnosis combined with local anesthesia during inguinal repair: a pilot study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness and outcomes of hypnosis associated with local anesthesia during inguinal hernia repair procedure, notably on post-operative pain. METHODS: A prospective study included patients operated on inguinal hernia repair according to Lichtenstein technique from January 2013 to September 2014. The cohort was divided into three groups (group 1: local anesthesia; group 2: hypnosis and local anesthesia; and group 3: general anesthesia). A questionnaire was filled by each participant before and after surgery. Pre-operative apprehension, pain at hospital discharge, surgeon comfort during procedure, immediate satisfaction after hospital discharge, and satisfaction at 1 month after surgery were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 103 patients were included in this study (group 1: n = 55; group 2: n = 35; and group 3: n = 13). Pre-operative apprehension and pain at hospital discharge's scores were significantly higher in the group 3 than in the groups 1 and 2 (p < 0.001). Pain at hospital discharge was significantly lower in the group 2 than in the group 1 (p = 0.03). Pre-operative apprehension, surgeon comfort during procedure, immediate satisfaction after hospital discharge, and satisfaction at 1 month after surgery were similar between groups 1 and 2. CONCLUSION: Hypnosis combined with local anesthesia is a feasible technique which allows extending inguinal hernia repair to a large population. There is no complication associated with its use.

[Long-term results and satisfaction of the mid-urethral slings among women]. / Résultats et satisfaction à long terme de la bandelette sous-urétrale trans-obturatrice chez la femme.

OBJECTIVE: The mid urethral sling (MUS) has become as the gold standard treatment for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in female. The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of the SUI Transobturator Tape after 10 years follow-up. METHODS: Retrospective study of 73 patients who underwent a mid urethral sling-transoburator tape (MUS-TOT) between November 2002 and November 2004. These patients were followed up by phone call and by mail, 10 years after the surgery. The indication of the MUS-TOT was a stress urinary incontinence, yet 26 patients (35.6 %) had a mixed urinary incontinence. RESULTS: Out of 73 patients, 5 patients were excluded. Sixty-eight patients were contacted. The rate of responders was 72 %. Thirty-four patients (69.3 %) described episodes of urinary incontinence (52.9 % SUI, 47.1 % urgency). Fifteen patients (30.7 %) were continent. Among the patients who had incontinence, 26 (76.5 %) needed protections during the day and 18 (52.9 %) had to change them at least once. Twelve patients (35.3 %) needed protections at night and 3 (8.8 %) had to change it at least once. Thirty-nine patients (79.6 %) were satisfied. Twenty-nine patients filled up the Ditrovie questionnaire (42.6 %). The mean score of Ditrovie questionnaire after 10 years was 1.6±0.7, with a real improvement in comparison with the preoperative score (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Ten years after MUS-TOT treatment, the continence rate was low, even though the patients included in this study had high satisfaction rate. Several limitations should be taken into consideration in this study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4.

Comparative study between biologic porcine dermal meshes: risk factors of postoperative morbidity and recurrence.

OBJECTIVE: Different types of biologic mesh have been introduced as an alternative to synthetic mesh for use in repairing contaminated ventral hernias because of their biocompatible nature. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of patients who underwent complex ventral hernia repairs with either non cross-linked or cross-linked porcine dermal meshes. METHOD: This was retrospective analysis from a prospectively maintained database from January 2010 to May 2013. Patients undergoing open incisional hernia repair with a biologic mesh in the presence of a clean-contaminated, contaminated or dirty wound were reviewed. RESULTS: There were 39 patients who underwent single-staged abdominal wall reconstruction for a contaminated ventral hernia with a biologic mesh. In 15 cases, non cross-linked mesh was used (Strattice, n=8; Protexa, n=1; XenMatrix, n=6); a cross-linked mesh was used in the remaining 24 cases (Permacol n=21; CollaMend n=3). The median follow-up was 11.9 ± 10.6 months. The overall morbidity was 71.8% (n=28), with 15.4% (n=6) for grade I, 23.1% (n=9) for grade II, 23.1% (n=9) for grade III (n=3 grade IIIA, n=6 grade IIIB), 7.7% (n=3) for grade IV and 2.6% (n=1) for grade V. In the cross-linked group, there were six complications directly linked to the biologic mesh, compared with three in the non-cross-linked group. Overall wound morbidity was 41.0% (n=16). There were 13 hernia recurrences (33.3%), and recurrence rate was not significantly different for both groups. CONCLUSION: Despite the high rate of wound morbidity associated with the single-staged reconstruction of contaminated fields, it can be safely performed with biologic mesh reinforcement. Recurrence rate was not significantly different between cross-linked and non cross-linked porcine meshes.

[Benefit of clean intermittent self-catheterization in the management of urethral strictures]. / Apport des auto-dilatations dans le traitement des sténoses de l'urètre.

OBJECTIVES: Urethral stenosis has a recurrent character. The urethroplasty is often proposed for repeat stenosis. This study seeks to explore the interest of clean intermittent self-catheterization in the evolution of urethral stenosis after urethrotomy. METHODS: Single-center retrospective study from 2008 to 2013, concerning patients who received urethrotomy to treat urethral stenosis which was confirmed by endoscopy and a flow chart. Some accomplished self-catheterization in addition to urethrotomy to prevent recurrence. The monitoring was provided during consultation by a subjective assessment (patient and surgeon) and a flow chart. The restenosis were confirmed by endoscopy and flow chart. RESULTS: Ninety-three patients treated with urethrotomy alone (50 patients) or associated with self-catheterization (43) was included. Urethral stenosis were mostly iatrogenic (75%), short <10mm (84%), single (74%) and primary (50.5%). Mean follow-up was 99.3±72.8 weeks. Eighteen patients (19%) had symptomatic recurrence suspected by flow chart with a mean Qmax at recurrence was 6.25±2.8mL/s (P<0.001), 8 in urethrotomy group and 10 in the urethrotomy+self-catheterization group. Recurrence rates were comparable in the 2 groups, urethrotomy (16%) urethrotomy+self-catheterization (23%) (P=0.46). The mean time to recurrence was 81.1±87 weeks and was different in the 2 groups: 76.8±76.3 weeks in urethrotomy group, 83.3±93.9 in urethrotomy+self-catheterization group (P=0.014). An analysis recurrence for the primitive urethral stenosis showed that the recurrence rate was not statistically different: 18% for urethrotomy+self-catheterization group vs 14% for urethrotomy group. An analysis of recurrent relapses for urethral stenosis showed a rate of 26%, comparable in the 2 groups (P=1). CONCLUSION: After urethrotomy, urethral stenosis recurs in 1 patient over 5, after 18 months especially if they were complicated (multiple, recurrent, extended). Self-catheterization do not provide benefit in terms of recurrence (for the general population and for primitive urethral stenosis) compared to only urethrotomy but seem to extend the time without recurrence (76.8 weeks vs 83.3 weeks). LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 5.