[The effect of Clostridium tetani cultures on immunization with tetanus anatoxin in an experiment]. / Vliianie kul'tur Clostridium tetani na immunizatsiiu stolbniachnym anatoksinom v éksperimente.

The paper presents the data on the study, carried out on 383 guinea pigs, of the action of C.tetani cultures on immune reactions of the animals after the injection of tetanus toxoid. The state of the humoral and cell-mediated immunity of the animals (in the hemagglutination inhibition test, the neutralization test, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the skin allergic test with tetanin), as well as their resistance to challenge with C.tetani. The inhibiting effect of C.tetani on primary immune response to tetanus toxoid and their stimulating effect on secondary immune response have been established. This fact may be used for enhancing the quality of antitetanus preparations, such as toxoid and serum, as well as for working out tactical approaches for the rapid prevention of tetanus.

[Experimental imutiol stimulation of the primary immunological response to tetanus anatoxin]. / Stimuliatsiia imutiolom pervichnogo immunnogo otveta na stolbniachnyi anatoksin v éksperimente.

The data on the influence of imuthiol on humoral and cell-mediated immunity developing after immunization against tetanus are presented. Experiments were made on 166 guinea pigs with the use of imuthiol in doses of 25 and 125 mg/kg and tetanus toxoid in doses of 1.5 and 6.0 BU/kg. The dynamic observation of the animals lasted 30 days. The data of the passive hemagglutination test and the neutralization test indicated that imuthiol had considerable influence on the formation of humoral immunity. The results of skin reactions with tetanin, in vitro cell reactions, as well as resistance tests, showed that imuthiol exerted influence on delayed hypersensitivity, the mechanisms of cell-mediated resistance and survival after challenge. The data on the influence of imuthiol could be registered even at early stages after immunization, the immunostimulating action of the preparation reaching its maximum with tetanus toxoid used in a dose of 6.0 BU/kg and imuthiol, in a dose of 125 mg/kg.

[A modification of the passive hemagglutination inhibition test to correct the results of the passive hemagglutination test in titrating tetanus antitoxin]. / Modifikatsiia RTPGA dlia korrektirovki rezul'tatov RPGA pri titrovanii stolbniachnogo antitoksina.

The aim of this work was to accelerate passive hemagglutination inhibition test, simplify it, perform it without an incubator and antibody diagnostic agent, and confirm the results of this test the characteristics permitting not only specific, but quantitative assessment of the results of passive hemagglutination test. To achieve this, the authors suggest the following modifications: the working dose of purified tetanus antitoxin is titered in relation to the standard serum; antibody erythrocytic diagnostic agent is modified by adding the working dose of purified tetanus antitoxin; the test is performed at room temperature.

[Characteristics of the immune response of inoculated and intact animals to the administration of toxigenic and nontoxigenic strains of Clostridium tetani]. / Kharakteristika immunnogo otveta privitykh i intaktnykh éksperimental'nykh zhivotnykh na vvedenie toksigennogo i netoksigennogo shtammov Clostridium tetani.

In experiments on guinea pigs the immune reactions of the animals immunized and not immunized against tetanus in response to the injection of C. tetani spores were studied. In the immunized animals an increase in the production of tetanus antitoxin, the development of delayed hypersensitivity and the activation of the mechanisms of cell-mediated immunity were observed. The nonimmunized animals showed specific changes in the T-system of immunity without the appearance of the clinical symptoms of tetanus, which is, probably, one of the mechanisms of natural immunity.

[Comparative study of resistance to tetanus and indices of the passive hemagglutination reaction in experimental animals]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie rezistentnosti k stolbniaku i pokazatelei reaktsii passivnoi gemaggliutinatsii u éksperimental'nykh zhivotnykh.

The article presents the results of the study of resistance to tetanus in 450 guinea pigs immunized against tetanus in a single injection and having antitoxin titers in their blood, as determined in the passive hemagglutination test, from less than or equal to 0.01 IU/ml to 1.6 IU/ml and more. The degree of protection in the immunized animals was determined by their challenge with Clostridium tetani spores in DCL and LD50.

[Guinea pig resistance to infection by the spores of the tetanus causative agent at various levels of tetanus antitoxin and delayed hypersensitivity]. / Rezistentnost' morskikh svinok k zarazheniiu sporami vozbuditelei stolbniaka pri raznykh urovniakh stolbniachnogo antitoksina i giper-chuvstvitel'nosti zamedlennogo tipa.

Comparative experimental investigations on guinea pigs immunized against tetanus, carried out with the use of different methods for the determination of immunity to tetanus, have demonstrated the existence of a relationship between the results of the tests used in these investigations (the neutralization test, the passive hemagglutination test and the allergic skin test) and the resistance of the animals to challenge with C. tetani spores in Dcl and Dlm50. The mechanisms of not only humoral, but also cell-mediated immunity play an important role in protection from tetanus infection. The possibility of using, on principle, the allergic skin test with tetanin for the evaluation of immunity to tetanus in individual patients with the aim of differential approach to protection against tetanus in traumas has been shown.