ABSTRACT
The in situ remineralization of early root surface lesions was studied using a fluoride-releasing device (FRD) or a fluoride chewing gum. Root specimens with subsurface lesions were mounted in removable lower appliances in 6 adult subjects. Test groups chewed five sticks/day (0.1 mg F/stick) or one FRD (0.5 mg F/day release rate) was mounted in the midline of the appliance. A fluoride-free dentifrice was used three times/day for each 21-day control and the two test regimens. Separate root lesions were used to measure fluoride uptake or changes in mineral content by quantitative microradiography. Comparable values for percent remineralization for both FRDs and F gum were higher than controls, and the F uptake for FRDs exceeded both the F gum and controls (p = 0.05).
Subject(s)
Chewing Gum , Root Caries/therapy , Sodium Fluoride/therapeutic use , Tooth Remineralization/methods , Adult , Calcium/analysis , Delayed-Action Preparations , Drug Carriers , Female , Humans , Male , Methacrylates/chemistry , Methylmethacrylate , Methylmethacrylates/chemistry , Microradiography , Middle Aged , Minerals/analysis , Root Caries/metabolism , Saliva/chemistry , Saliva/metabolism , Secretory Rate , Sodium Fluoride/administration & dosage , Sodium Fluoride/analysis , Sodium Fluoride/pharmacokinetics , Tooth Root/chemistryABSTRACT
Dose-related remineralization of enamel lesions was studied in situ. Enamel specimens with subsurface lesions were mounted on lower molars bilaterally and exposed to five regimens: (A) control with a F-free dentifrice three times daily; (B) NaF dentifrice brushed three times daily; (C) fluoride-releasing device (FRD; 0.07 mg F/day release rate) plus F-free dentifrice; (D) FRD (0.232 mg F/day) plus F-free dentifrice, F/day and (E) FRD (0.232 mg/F/day) plus NaF dentifrice. Resting and stimulated saliva samples were obtained for salivary flow and F content determinations. Twenty-eight subjects participated in this double-blind, random-assignment crossover study. After 50 days the enamel specimens were recovered, sectioned, microradiographed, and scanned with image analysis. Regimens D and E demonstrated approximately 30% additional remineralization as compared with to controls, and regimens B and C showed 13.7 and 10.5% increased remineralization as compared with to controls. The increased remineralization of the regimens generally paralleled the increase in salivary F and clearly demonstrated a dose-related response which was some threefold in relation to release rate, salivary F, and percent remineralization.
Subject(s)
Saliva/chemistry , Sodium Fluoride/administration & dosage , Tooth Remineralization/methods , Toothpastes/therapeutic use , Adult , Analysis of Variance , DMF Index , Delayed-Action Preparations , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Double-Blind Method , Female , Fluorides/analysis , Humans , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Male , Saliva/metabolism , Sodium Fluoride/therapeutic use , Tooth Remineralization/instrumentationABSTRACT
In situ remineralization of early enamel lesions by a fluoride chewing gum was studied. Human enamel specimens with subsurface lesions were mounted in removable lower appliances for 6 adults. Subjects used a F-free dentifrice 3x/day and chewed five sticks/day for the F gum group (0.1 mg F/stick) or five sticks of sugarless gum. No gum was chewed for controls. Surface microhardness was performed on: (1) sound enamel; (2) lesions; (3) after intraoral exposure, and (4) after acid-resistance testing (ART). Separate specimens were etched and measured for F uptake and image analyses on microradiographs were performed for all regimens. delta Z values were calculated and converted to percent of mineralization. Values for F gum were significantly higher (p > 0.05) than non-F gum and controls for ART, percent remineralization, and F uptake up to 70 microns depth.
Subject(s)
Chewing Gum , Dental Enamel/drug effects , Fluorides/therapeutic use , Tooth Demineralization/prevention & control , Tooth Remineralization/methods , Adult , Calcium/analysis , Chewing Gum/classification , Dental Enamel/chemistry , Dental Enamel/pathology , Dental Enamel Solubility/drug effects , Female , Fluorides/administration & dosage , Fluorides/analysis , Hardness , Humans , Male , Microradiography , Middle Aged , Saliva/chemistry , Saliva/metabolism , Secretory Rate/drug effects , Tooth Demineralization/pathologyABSTRACT
Remineralization of early enamel lesions was studied in situ using a F chewing gum or a F-releasing device (FRD). Enamel specimens with subsurface lesions were mounted in removable lower appliances in 6 adults. A F-free dentifrice was used for all regimens. Test groups chewed five sticks/day (0.1 mg F/stick), or one FRD (0.5 mg F/day) was mounted in the midline of the appliance. The microhardness was measured after the 21-day intraoral exposure, and in vitro acid resistance testing was performed. Separate specimens were used to measure F content or changes in mineral density. Comparable values for both F gum and FRDs were higher (p > 0.05) than controls for acid resistance testing and percent remineralization. The F content for FRDs exceeded that of both F gum and controls.
Subject(s)
Chewing Gum , Dental Enamel/metabolism , Fluorides, Topical/administration & dosage , Tooth Demineralization/metabolism , Tooth Remineralization/methods , Adult , Analysis of Variance , DMF Index , Delayed-Action Preparations , Female , Fluorides, Topical/pharmacokinetics , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Results of a study show a 20% incidence of nonunion of fractures of atrophic edentulous mandibles. Accurate bony reduction is essential in elderly paatients with thin mandibles. Closed reduction should be tried first as open reduction tends to limit vascular supply to the fracture. Maintenance of periosteal coverage seems advisable if open reduction is necessary. Bone grafting should be considered unless contraindicated because of the patient's age or physical condition. Wire mesh is preferable to bone plates for stability.
