Adamantane derivatives of sulfonamides: sublimation, solubility, solvation and transfer processes in biologically relevant solvents.

Eight adamantane derivatives of sulfonamides were synthesized and characterized. Temperature dependencies of saturation vapor pressure were obtained using the transpiration method and thermodynamic functions of the sublimation processes were calculated. Solubility values of the selected compounds in buffer (pH 7.4), 1-octanol and 1-hexane were determined at different temperatures using the isothermal saturation method. Thermophysical characteristics of fusion processes (melting points and fusion enthalpies) of the substances were studied using the DSC method. Transfer processes from buffer to 1-octanol, from buffer to 1-hexane and 1-hexane to 1-octanol were analyzed. The impact of the molecules' structural modification on sublimation, solubility and solvation/hydration processes in the solvents was studied. Correlation equations connecting the thermodynamic functions with physicochemical descriptors were obtained.

Improved electrochemical analysis of neuropathy target esterase activity by a tyrosinase carbon paste electrode modified by 1-methoxyphenazine methosulfate.

A graphite-paste tyrosinase biosensor was improved by adding 1-methoxyphenazine methosulfate as a mediator. Mediator modification enhanced sensitivity to phenol 4-fold and long-term stability 3-fold. Phenol could be detected at 25 nM (S/N = 2) using an Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The biosensor was used to measure the activity of a toxicologically significant enzyme, neuropathy target esterase (NTE), which yields phenol by hydrolysis of the substrate, phenyl valerate. Using the new biosensor, blood and brain NTE inhibition by organophosphorus (OP) compounds with different neuropathic potencies were well correlated (r = 0.990, n = 7), supporting the use of blood NTE as a biochemical marker of exposure to neuropathic OP compounds.