Refractory and massive lymphocele in a transplant patient with encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis treated with a single infusion of bleomycin: a case report.

A 26-year-old Caucasian man developed a large lymphocele after living-related kidney transplantation necessitating repeated drainage of large volumes every other day owing to ureteral compression. An open laparotomy for internal drainage was unsuccessful because of severe encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis. Prolonged external drainage with a catheter was inefficient. Repeated fine-needle aspirations of large volumes were needed to maintain ureteral patency over a period of 4 months. Finally, a single instillation of bleomycin immediately and effectively treated the lympocele with no relapse over the following 5 years. The presence of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis seemed to be an obstacle to surgical treatment.