ABSTRACT
In this review article, the authors describe all relevant aspects of the new S2k guideline from the German Society of Urology (Deutschen Gesellschaft für Urologie, DGU) for the diagnosis and treatment of IC/PBS (interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome). A list of necessary and optional examinations and the necessity of diagnosis of exclusion are summarized and evaluated. The treatment options listed (ranging from conservative, oral drug, and complementary medicine to interventional surgical procedures) also give the reader a good overview of the contents of the guideline and possible therapeutic approaches. Finally, the recommendations including consensus of the guideline group are also summarized in various information boxes.
Subject(s)
Cystitis, Interstitial/diagnosis , Cystitis, Interstitial/therapy , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Urology/standards , Germany , Humans , Pain , Physical Examination , Societies, MedicalABSTRACT
A new semiflexible and steerable cannula was designed for endoscopic reflux operations on infants and children. Because of its small diameter (0.6 mm; < 2F), it fits even through the 9F infant cystoscope.
Subject(s)
Catheterization , Endoscopes , Vesico-Ureteral Reflux/surgery , Child, Preschool , Cystoscopes , Equipment Design , Humans , InfantABSTRACT
Traditionally, reconstruction of the scrotum has involved the use of split skin or pedicle flaps with often unsatisfactory aesthetic results. We present two cases with loss of the scrotum as a consequence of Fournier's gangrene. The use of tissue expanders for scrotal reconstruction involves the following advantages: excellent functional and cosmetic results, natural appearance of the neoscrotum, preservation of normal function and sensitivity of scrotal skin, no additional scars from skin grafting, and a simple surgical technique.
