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1.
Rev Pneumol Clin ; 66(2): 107-19, 2010 Apr.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20413046

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Emerging evidence suggests that gender differences exist in the prevalence, susceptibility, severity and response to the treatment of COPD. This article compares the characteristics of acute exacerbation in male and female patients hospitalized for acute chronic obstructive pulomnary disease (COPD) exacerbation. METHODS: This observational study collected data from 1,824 patients admitted to the pneumology department in 68 general hospitals between October 2006 and June 2007. RESULTS: The 423 (23.2%) women were younger than the men (69.1 versus 70.6 years; p=0.016) and more frequently non-smokers (14.4% versus 4.2%; p<0.0001). Before the acute exacerbation, they more frequently reported asthma (18% versus 11.6%; p=0.0006) or bronchiectasis (10.4% versus 5.9%; p=0.002). They also more often presented consciousness disorders (6.4% versus 3.9%; p=0.033) and desaturation (SpO2<90%: 50.4% versus 42%; p=0.002) during acute exacerbation and their hypercapnia was more severe (50.7 versus 46.5mmHg; p<0.0001). During hospitalization, they were more frequently ventilated (23.9 versus 17.1%; p=0.002). There was no difference in the mortality between the sexes (1.4% versus 2.8%; p=0.11). Age and smoking behavior were closely related in the female patients: the smokers were younger (62.5 years) than the ex-smokers (73.7 years) or non-smokers (78.1 years). Of the six women who died during hospitalization, two were smokers and four ex-smokers. In addition, four were over 80 years old. CONCLUSION: The women hospitalized for acute COPD exacerbation differed from the men with respect to risk factors, steady-state COPD severity and exacerbation severity.


Subject(s)
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Acute Disease , Aged , Cohort Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/complications , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Sex Factors
2.
Rev Pneumol Clin ; 56(3): 209-12, 2000 Jun.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10880948

ABSTRACT

Dermatomyositis, an inflammatory muscle disease probably related to dysimmunity, is associated with character skin eruptions. Dermatomyositis is often associated with cancer (15 to 40% of cases depending on the series). All histological types and all cancer localizations observed in the general population can be associated with dermatomyositis. We report the case of a patient with dermatomyositis who developed small-cell lung cancer. There have been few descriptions of this association in the literature. Certain clinical features of dermatomyositis would be predictive of its paraneoplastic nature. Prognosis is very poor. Treatment is basically dictated by the underlying neoplasia.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Small Cell/diagnosis , Dermatomyositis/diagnosis , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Paraneoplastic Syndromes/diagnosis , Aged , Biopsy , Carcinoma, Small Cell/pathology , Dermatomyositis/pathology , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Male , Muscle, Skeletal/pathology , Neoplasm Staging , Paraneoplastic Syndromes/pathology , Prognosis
3.
Shock ; 13(5): 367-73, 2000 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10807011

ABSTRACT

Fluid resuscitation with hypertonic hydroxyethyl starch solutions (HES) is effective in haemorrhagic shock due to the rapid mobilisation of fluids into the intravascular compartment. Declamping of the abdominal aorta with acute redistribution of blood into the vessels of the lower body half causes declamping-induced hypotension. Usually large amount of fluids or vasopressors are necessary to restore hemodynamic stability. Therefore, infusion of a hypertonic colloid solution may be an attractive option to achieve hemodynamic stability. This study was conducted to determine the amount of fluid of either hypertonic HES (HES 6%;7.2% NaCl) or isotonic HES (HES 6%;0.9% NaCl) needed to attain best wedge pressure (PCWP) cardiac index (CI) relation after declamping. Thirty-two high-risk patients undergoing elective abdominal aneurysm resection were enrolled in a prospective, randomised, double blinded study. The individual optimised PCWP/CI relation was determined after induction of anaesthesia. After declamping, both solutions were titrated in small boluses of 100 mL until the previously determined best wedge was reached. The amount of fluid after declamping was significantly reduced in the hypertonic HES- group 162 mL vs. 265 mL in the control group (P < 0.05). Resuscitation time was shortened, and cardiac index was slightly higher in the treatment group. The use of hypertonic HES-solution after aortic declamping led to a significant reduction of fluids necessary to attain optimised PCWP/CI relation. In this clinical trial with moderate blood loss in high-risk patients, hypertonic HES applied in a titrated fashion restored hemodynamic stability faster and without volume overload.


Subject(s)
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/surgery , Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/therapy , Fluid Therapy/methods , Hemodynamics , Aged , Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/physiopathology , Constriction , Double-Blind Method , Female , Humans , Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives , Hypertonic Solutions , Hypotension/prevention & control , Isotonic Solutions , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Water-Electrolyte Balance
4.
Eur J Biochem ; 246(1): 252-7, 1997 May 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9210491

ABSTRACT

Borna disease virus (BDV) is representative of the family of Bornaviridae in the order Mononegavirales (negative-stranded, non-segmented, enveloped RNA viruses). It is the causal agent for Borna disease, characterized as an encephalomyelitis (typical form) in a wide variety of domestic animals (from rodents to birds). Recent information shows the involvement of BDV in the pathogenesis of some human psychiatric disorders. The 8.9-kb viral antigenome codes for five major ORF. The third ORF codes for a 16-kDa protein (matrix protein) that is posttranslationally modified, yielding an N-linked glycoprotein. Our data show that the glycosylated matrix protein exists as a stable tetrameric structure detectable either by electrospray ionization or matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization mass spectrometry. Under native conditions, the tetramer, with a relative molecular mass of 68 kDa, was isolated from a sediment-free brain suspension of a BDV-infected horse. The 68-kDa entity is stable in the presence of ionic and nonionic detergents but dissociates into subunits when heated. We found that the tetrameric matrix protein inhibits in vitro BDV infection in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast to inhibition of BDV infection with hydrophobic carbohydrate derivatives and protein-bound glycoconjugates, the glycosylated matrix protein is a very potent inhibitor of BDV infection, indicating that this protein represents an essential virus-specific membrane component for viral attachment.


Subject(s)
Borna disease virus/chemistry , Glycoproteins/chemistry , Protein Conformation , Viral Matrix Proteins/chemistry , Animals , Blotting, Western , Borna disease virus/pathogenicity , Brain/virology , Cells, Cultured , Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Glycoproteins/isolation & purification , Glycosylation , Horses , Protein Denaturation , Rabbits , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization , Viral Matrix Proteins/isolation & purification , Viral Matrix Proteins/physiology
5.
Rev Pneumol Clin ; 53(1): 37-40, 1997.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9181151

ABSTRACT

Arthrogryposis is a congenital disease leading to multiple joint ankylosis in utero observed as sequellae at birth. Deformation of the chest produces respiratory failure usually seen at birth. We report a case in an adult which required intermittent nocturnal positive pressure nasal ventilation.


Subject(s)
Arthrogryposis/complications , Respiratory Insufficiency/etiology , Adult , Age Factors , Chronic Disease , Humans , Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation , Kyphosis/complications , Kyphosis/physiopathology , Male , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy
6.
Rev Mal Respir ; 13(5): 521-2, 1996 Oct.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8999481

ABSTRACT

Resistance to the activation of protein C is a recently discovered constitutional anomaly of coagulation which is responsible for thromboembolic events in young subjects. We report a case in a 26 year old man who presented with pulmonary embolus. Laboratory data was characterised by an absence of any lengthening of the activated cephaline time after adding purified activated exogenous Protein C. The confirmation of this anomaly is provided by the evidence of a mutation Arg 506 to Gln of Factor 5. The outcome is favourable with treatment by Heparin then by anti-Vitamin K.


Subject(s)
Protein C Deficiency , Pulmonary Embolism/etiology , Adult , Arginine/genetics , Codon/genetics , Factor V/genetics , Glutamine/genetics , Humans , Male , Mutation/genetics , Partial Thromboplastin Time , Protein C/genetics
7.
Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss ; 89(6): 765-8, 1996 Jun.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8760665

ABSTRACT

The association of pulmonary hypertension and polyendocrinopathies or connective tissue diseases has been reported by several authors. The causes of this form of pulmonary hypertension are not clear but an autoimmune process has often been proposed. The authors report a case of non-autoimmune hyperthyroidism and reversible pulmonary hypertension after total thyroidectomy and normalisation of thyroid function. This case supports the hypothesis of a non-autoimmune aetiology of some causes of pulmonary hypertension in diseases of the thyroid.


Subject(s)
Hypertension, Pulmonary/etiology , Hyperthyroidism/complications , Echocardiography, Doppler , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Hypertension, Pulmonary/diagnostic imaging , Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology , Hyperthyroidism/diagnosis , Hyperthyroidism/surgery , Middle Aged , Thyroidectomy , Treatment Outcome , Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency/diagnostic imaging , Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency/etiology , Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency/physiopathology
10.
Trends Biochem Sci ; 19(9): 383-7, 1994 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7527165

ABSTRACT

The 'four-transmembrane-helix receptors' transmit their signals from the extracellular space to the cytoplasm via an intramembrane domain. In the case of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor this domain comprises an ion channel formed by homologous secondary structure elements in the receptor subunits. It was believed to be exclusively alpha-helical, but recent experimental evidence questions the widely accepted model: beta-strands seem to be part of the membrane-spanning domain.


Subject(s)
Membrane Proteins/chemistry , Protein Structure, Secondary , Receptors, Nicotinic/chemistry , Amino Acid Sequence , Cell Membrane , Ion Channels , Molecular Sequence Data , Protein Folding
11.
Eur J Biochem ; 220(3): 1005-11, 1994 Mar 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8143716

ABSTRACT

All possible N-glycosylation sites of the delta subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo californica electric tissue are utilized. By a combination of microsequencing and mass spectrometry, it was shown that a high-mannose-type oligosaccharide is bound at Asn143 of the delta subunit. The oligosaccharides at positions Asn70 and Asn208 of the delta subunit are probably of the complex type. The utilized glycosylation sites pose restrictions on possible transmembrane folding models of the subunit.


Subject(s)
Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry , Receptors, Nicotinic/chemistry , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Glycosylation , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Mass Spectrometry , Molecular Sequence Data , Peptide Mapping , Torpedo
12.
14.
EMBO J ; 13(2): 338-41, 1994 Jan 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8313878

ABSTRACT

The transmembrane domain of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) from Torpedo californica electric tissue contains both alpha-helical and beta structures. The secondary structure was investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy after the extramembrane moieties of the protein from the extracellular and intracellular sides of the membrane were removed by proteolysis using proteinase K. The secondary structure composition of this membrane structure was: alpha-helical 50%, beta structure and turns 40%, random 10%. The alpha-helices are shown to be oriented with respect to the membrane plane in a way allowing them to span the membrane, while no unidirectional structure for the beta structures was observed. These findings contradict previous secondary structure models based on hydropathy plots alone.


Subject(s)
Receptors, Nicotinic/chemistry , Animals , Cell Membrane/chemistry , Fourier Analysis , Kinetics , Protein Structure, Secondary , Torpedo
16.
Rev Mal Respir ; 9(6): 638-40, 1992.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1470760

ABSTRACT

Bronchocentric granulomatosis is a rare entity and has only recently been characterised. We report a case of a forty-three year old man presenting with multifocal bronchocentric granulomatosis which was revealed following some oto-rhino-laryngological and bronchopulmonary symptoms. The open lung biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. Treatment was by bolus doses of corticosteroids (30 mg/kg) and of methotrexate in low dosage (7.5 mg/week, then 15 mg/week) which checked the initially unfavourable outcome.


Subject(s)
Bronchial Diseases/pathology , Granuloma/pathology , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Adult , Bronchi/pathology , Bronchial Diseases/diagnosis , Bronchial Diseases/drug therapy , Granuloma/diagnosis , Granuloma/drug therapy , Humans , Male , Methotrexate/therapeutic use , Spirometry , Time Factors
17.
J Am Vet Med Assoc ; 197(1): 93-4, 1990 Jul 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2370228

ABSTRACT

A 5-year-old male Doberman Pinscher was examined after ingesting an equine paste dewormer containing approximately 115 mg of ivermectin. Clinical signs consisted of profound hypothermia, mild dehydration, dilated unresponsive pupils, localized muscle group fasciculations around the face and hind limbs, and no response to any external stimuli. Twelve days after parenteral administration of isotonic fluids and IV administration of dexamethasone and dimethyl sulfoxide, the dog returned to a clinically normal neurologic state. Ivermectin toxicosis has been reported frequently in Collies; however, other breeds may have idiosyncratic reactions to low doses. Patients with severe toxicosis should eventually recover completely if given appropriate intensive care.


Subject(s)
Dog Diseases/chemically induced , Ivermectin/poisoning , Animals , Dogs , Male
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