ABSTRACT
Fourteen new 4-substituted 2,4-dioxobutanoic acids have been synthesized. These compounds, all of which contain lipophilic 4-substituents, are potent inhibitors in vitro of porcine liver glycolic acid oxidase. The I50 value of the two most potent representatives, 4-(4'-bromo[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-2, 4-dioxobutanoic acid (8) and 4-[4'-[[(3,4-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2H-1, 5-benzodioxepin-3-yl)methyl]thio][1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl]-2, 4-dioxobutanoic acid (13) is 6 X 10(-8)M.
Subject(s)
Alcohol Oxidoreductases/antagonists & inhibitors , Butyrates/chemical synthesis , Biphenyl Compounds , Butyrates/pharmacology , OxepinsABSTRACT
An extensive series of novel 4-substituted 3-hydroxy-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione derivatives has been prepared and studied as inhibitors of glycolic acid oxidase (GAO). Compounds possessing large lipophilic 4-substituents are, in general, potent, competitive inhibitors of porcine liver GAO in vitro. Methylation of the nitrogen or the 3-hydroxy substituent reduced potency dramatically, indicating the requirement for the two acidic functions on the 1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione nucleus. In rat liver perfusion studies, with three representative compounds, concentration-dependent inhibition of the conversion of [1-14C]glycolate to [14C]oxalate was observed. Chronic oral administration to ethylene glycol fed rats of the 4-(4'-bromo[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl) derivative (83) was shown to effect a significant reduction in urinary oxalate levels over a 58-day period.
Subject(s)
Alcohol Oxidoreductases/antagonists & inhibitors , Maleimides/pharmacology , Animals , Liver/enzymology , Maleimides/chemical synthesis , Methylation , Perfusion , Rats , SwineSubject(s)
Gastric Acid/metabolism , Histamine H2 Antagonists/chemical synthesis , Thiadiazoles/chemical synthesis , Urea/analogs & derivatives , Animals , Binding, Competitive/drug effects , Chemical Phenomena , Chemistry , Cimetidine/pharmacology , Dihydrotestosterone/metabolism , Dogs , Guinea Pigs , In Vitro Techniques , Mice , Muscle Contraction/drug effects , Rats , Stereoisomerism , Thiadiazoles/pharmacology , X-Ray DiffractionABSTRACT
The enzyme glycolic acid oxidase oxidizes glycolate to glyoxylate and glyoxylate to oxalate. Three series of compounds related to the natural substrates, substituted glycolic, oxyacetic, and glyoxylic acids, have been investigated as inhibitors of this enzyme using the techniques of regression analysis and quantitative structure-activity relationships. The best overall correlation with inhibitory potencies was found with the Hansch hydrophobic parameter pi. The classical electronic parameters sigmap, sigmam, F, and R performed poorly. For the substituted glyoxylic acids, a dummy parameter relating to the presence of a nucleophilic group in close proximity to the alpha-carbonyl of the glyoxylate group was found to be highly significant. The syntheses of six novel glycolic and glyoxylic acids are described.
