ABSTRACT
The presence of BCR-ABL oncogene mutations in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) may be responsible for the failure of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment. The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of BCR-ABL gene mutations in patients with CML treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Our lab received 64 samples (34 women, 30 men) from patients with CML who failed or had suboptimal response to TKI treatment. The mutation analysis was performed in 61 patients with CML, 3 patients could not be tested because of inadequate RNA quality. An 866 base pair fragment containing the ABL kinase domain was amplified in a seminested RT (reverse transcriptase)-PCR and then sequenced using Applied Biosystems BigDye Terminator chemistry with two pairs of primers. We analyzed 61 patients with CML, 11 mutations were detected in 13 (21%) patients and SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) in 6 patients (10%). In addition to 9 point mutations (G250E / F317L, F359V, L387M, Y253H, M388L, M244V, T315I, D276G), 35 bp insertion between exons 8 and 9 and deletion exon 7 were detected. Our results demonstrate that direct sequencing is suitable for routine clinical monitoring patients with CML and may be useful for optimizing therapy.
Subject(s)
Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics , Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics , Mutation/genetics , Adult , Aged , Benzamides , DNA Mutational Analysis , Female , Humans , Imatinib Mesylate , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy , Male , Middle Aged , Piperazines/therapeutic use , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics , Prognosis , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors , Pyrimidines/therapeutic use , SlovakiaABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The Y chromosome is characterized by a low number of functional genes, relatively high number of repetitive sequences and the ability of recombination purely by short arms of telomeres PAR1 and PAR2. The long arm contains an AZF region with genes participating in spermatogenesis. Microdeletions of three subregions, namely AZFa,b,c and their mutual combinations are responsible for male infertility and the resulting azoospermia and oligospermia. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study based on evaluating 822 patients during a period of ten years was to analyse types of microdeletions in men with fertility disorders in Slovakia. METHODS: For detecting the microdeletions in Y-chromosomal AZF region and for identifying the Y-specific sequences we used PCR while using three different sets of sY sequences. REPORTS: We reported 38 cases of deletions in AZF region, namely 18 cases when using the first set of sequences, 12 cases when using the second set, and finally 8 cases when using the third set. When using the last set of sequences according to the European Academy of Andrology and European Molecular Genetics Quality Network, we detected deletions only in patients with azoospermia. In addition to deletions in each of AZF a,b,c subregions we recorded also a complete deletion of the whole AZF region. In the AZFa subregion, we recorded a deletion of sequence sY86. CONCLUSION: The study has confirmed that the detection of microdeletions of AZF region is significant from the diagnostic and prognostic views (Tab. 5, Ref. 21). Full Text in free PDF www.bmj.sk.
