Effectiveness of the ECG method in the correct positioning of PICC type central venous catheters in patients with atrial fibrillation.

The peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are third generation silicone or polyurethane catheters, used as venous accesses for long- and medium-term care, and recommended in therapies that require venous access for more than six days. Current implantation methods recommend the radiological method, using standard chest RX in antero-posterior projection, as a method of assessing the correct positioning of the catheter tip. The observational study evaluated the effectiveness in terms of reliability of the intracavitary tip location system (ITLS) method, better known as the ECG method, for the correct positioning of the catheter tip in patients with atrial fibrillation (AFIB); the method exploits the recording of the electrical potential produced by the f waves, expression of the fibrillation of the atrium typical in patients with this disease, the measurement is based on the calculation of the peak-to-peak value of the f waves. They were implanted using this method 101 subjects with previous determination of anthropometric measurement, according to the rule of Peres modified according to Pittiruti, and then subjected to standard thoracic RX in projection antero-posterior and latero-lateral. Our study shows that 97% of the patients implanted with this method at radiological control had the PICC correctly positioned, at an average distance from the hull of 44.9mm; 100% of the patients did not present complications in either the short or medium term. The analysis of the data also shows that the anthropometric evaluations, carried out with the Peres method, corresponded to the correct radiological positioning of the catheter, evaluated with the hull method, only in 45.5% of cases. Our study tends to demonstrate that the ECG-ITLS method, used as a method of intra-procedural control of PICC-type CVC positioning, in patients with atrial fibrillation, has greater reliability than that of anthropometric measurement and equivalent to radiological measurement, but has less chance of incurring in error of reading or projection.

Associations between low levels of serum uric acid and cardiometabolic parameters.

INTRODUCTION: Elevated serum uric acid (SUA) levels are associated with increased cardiovascular risk. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between SUA levels and cardiometabolic parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: SUA levels and metabolic parameters were evaluated in 139 subjects, divided into low (<5 mg/dl) and high SUA group (≥5 mg/dl). RESULTS: In low SUA group, SUA levels directly correlated with creatinine, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, glucose and insulin levels, triglyceride and C-reactive protein levels. In high SUA group, SUA levels directly correlated with body weight, triglyceride, C-reactive protein, and inversely correlated with HDL-cholesterol concentrations. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: High SUA levels were linked with several cardiometabolic parameters, and low SUA levels were linearly correlated with recognized cardiovascular risk factors. Therefore, increasing SUA levels - even at low concentration - could be associated with higher cardiovascular risk. Thus the range of normality for SUA level should be further analysed.

Serum uric acid levels and metabolic syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship among serum uric acid levels and metabolic syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anthropometric parameters, serum uric acid and metabolic parameters were evaluated in 139 subjects. RESULTS: Serum uric acid levels were significantly higher in subjects with than without metabolic syndrome (p < 0.0001), and raised gradually with the increasing number of metabolic syndrome components (p for trend < 0.0001). Serum uric acid significantly correlated with various anthropometric and serum metabolic parameters. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Serum uric acid levels were higher in individuals with rather than without metabolic syndrome and raised gradually as the number of metabolic syndrome components increased. The relationship between serum uric acid levels and various metabolic parameters suggests that uric acid might be considered as a component of metabolic syndrome. CONTEXT: Hyperuricemia is a common finding in patients with the metabolic syndrome. Recent studies indicated that hyperuricemia may be also a predictor of metabolic syndrome development.