Subject(s)
Anesthesia, Dental , Anesthesia, General , Enflurane , Halothane , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Ambulatory Care , Child , Child, Preschool , Electrocardiography , Enflurane/pharmacology , Halothane/pharmacology , Heart Rate/drug effects , Humans , Middle Aged , Time Factors , Tooth ExtractionABSTRACT
The metabolism of 14C-labelled alphaxalone, dispensed as Althesin, was studied in normal patients, patients with obstructive jaundice and patients with chronic renal disease and anuria. The radioactive label was removed rapidly from the plasma following i.v. administration. The major portion of the label was excreted in the urine. In patients with normal renal function 14C-labelled alphaxalone is probably taken up by the liver, metabolized to a more polar compound and excreted in the urine; a small amount is excreted in the bile. In the patient with anuria, hepatic uptake appears to be relatively normal and the length of action of Althesin is not prolonged. It is assumed that in such patients the eventual route of excretion is via the bile and faeces.
Subject(s)
Alfaxalone Alfadolone Mixture/metabolism , Pregnanediones/metabolism , Alfaxalone Alfadolone Mixture/blood , Alfaxalone Alfadolone Mixture/urine , Anuria/metabolism , Bile/metabolism , Carbon Radioisotopes , Cholestasis/metabolism , Humans , Kidney Failure, Chronic/metabolismABSTRACT
The use of spontaneous respiration of oxygen, nitrous oxide, and halothane via Jackson Rees's modification of Ayre's T-piece and a flexible 'snout' mask proved to be a simple and effective way of anaesthetizing neonatal pigs--'micropigs'--in the first few days of life without resorting to endotracheal intubation. No airway obstruction occurred as long as the head was extended with firm traction on the jaw and provided the nostrils were not pressed up against the wall of the mask. The anaesthetic technique described provided adequate muscle relaxation and analgesia for extensive abdominal surgery. The animals recovered rapidly and there were no postoperative complications.
Subject(s)
Anesthesia, General/adverse effects , Animals, Newborn , Anesthesia, General/methods , Animals , Masks , Muscle RelaxationABSTRACT
General anaesthesia in the early stages of pregnancy may carry an increased risk of embryotoxicity. One hundred and six women scheduled for non-emerency surgery were interviewed preoperatively and their menstrual history taken. Forty-three (41 per cent) were considered to be using adequate contraceptive therapy. Thirty-one (29 per cent) of the patients could have been in the early stages of pregnancy, and of these women, 19 (61 per cent) were undergoing surgery of a minor nature. Simple history taking identified the women 'at risk' and it is suggested that surgery could have been delayed without detriment in many cases.
Subject(s)
Anesthesia, General , Pregnancy Trimester, First , Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/prevention & control , Abortion, Spontaneous , Adolescent , Adult , Contraceptives, Oral , Female , Humans , Menstruation , Middle Aged , Minor Surgical Procedures , Ovulation , Pregnancy , Risk , Surgical Procedures, OperativeSubject(s)
Air Pollution/analysis , Anesthesiology/instrumentation , Halothane/analysis , London , Operating RoomsSubject(s)
Air Pollution , Anesthesia, Dental , Halothane , Posture , Adult , Air/analysis , Anesthesia, Inhalation , Child , Chromatography, Gas , Halothane/administration & dosage , Halothane/analysis , Humans , Tooth ExtractionABSTRACT
Pollution of the atmosphere with halothane has been measured during general anaesthesia for outpatients undergoing dental extractions. The level of contamination was far in excess of that recorded in surgical operating theatres, and halothane was inhaled at similar concentrations by both the anaesthetist and the dental surgeon. The room air-changing system and a local fan had little effect on contamination. Scavenging devices on the exhalation valve of the anaesthetic circuit were only moderately effective in reducing the concentration of halothane in the atmosphere.
