ABSTRACT
After the discovery of skeletonized human remains, the estimation of stature is an important element of the so-called "biological profile". Typically, long bone lengths are used in regression formulas. If long bones are not available, predictions of stature cannot be made. Human skulls are often the subject of forensic osteological examination, sometimes even detached. Therefore, it seems reasonable to search for skull measurements that have a sufficiently good correlation to stature. The aim of the study presented was to measure odonto-stomatological parameters using post-mortem CT data to check whether the esti- mation of stature was possible on this basis. Three classic tooth dimensions (MD, BL, ZL), two diagonal tooth dimensions (MBDL, DBML) first described by Lund and Mörnstad in 1999, two tooth dimensions defined for the first time in this study (MKDO, DKMO), the mesiodistal index (MDS) and also the palatal arch dimensions (arch length, arch width, molar length and dental length) - each at maxilla and mandible - were digitally measured on a total of 799 teeth of 48 virtual 3-D-reconstructed skulls (33 males and 15 females). For most of the aforementioned measurements no statistically significant relation to stature was found. There were positive correlations by Pearson at a significance level of 99 % (2-sided) at three measurements: ZL 15, MKDO 14 and MKDO 15. Positive correlations by Pearson at a significance level of 95 % (2-sided) could be determined for eight measurements, but an applicable regression formula could not be calculated for any of the parameters. Despite a statistical correlation of a few teeth parameters with body length, they must be considered unsuitable for estimating stature.
Subject(s)
Autopsy/methods , Body Height , Cephalometry/methods , Forensic Anthropology/legislation & jurisprudence , Forensic Anthropology/methods , Forensic Dentistry/legislation & jurisprudence , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/legislation & jurisprudence , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods , Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods , Osteology/legislation & jurisprudence , Tomography, Spiral Computed/methods , User-Computer Interface , Dental Arch/anatomy & histology , Humans , Statistics as TopicSubject(s)
Cell Transformation, Viral , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/pathology , Herpesvirus 4, Human/pathogenicity , Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/pathology , Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/virology , Sjogren's Syndrome/pathology , Sjogren's Syndrome/virology , Adult , Fatal Outcome , Female , HumansABSTRACT
The present study examined the relation of self-reported criminal-thinking styles and self-reported illegal behavior among college students. Participants were 177 male and 216 female (N=393) undergraduate students. Participants were divided by gender and further classified into four groups of self-reported illegal behavior: control-status offenses, drug crimes, property crimes, and violent crimes against people. The psychological inventory of criminal-thinking styles (PICTS) (1) measured criminal-thinking patterns on eight scales. Results indicated that males who committed violent crimes against people endorsed significantly higher levels of distorted criminal-thinking patterns on all scales than the control-status offenses, and drug crimes groups. Interestingly, female participants who committed property crimes displayed six significantly elevated PICTS scales whereas females with violent crimes against people had significant elevations on only four of the criminal-thinking style scales. These results extend Walter's initial validation of the PICTS with incarcerated respondents to a non-incarcerated population and show potential use of the PICTS with other populations.
Subject(s)
Social Behavior , Students/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Adult , Criminal Psychology , Female , Forensic Psychiatry , Humans , Male , UniversitiesABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of severe depression on the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM). The present study examined whether 20 participants with high levels of depression, as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory 2nd Edition (BDI-II) and with current diagnoses of Major Depressive Disorder, would perform significantly worse on the TOMM than a control group. The results showed that the depressed and control groups did not have significant mean group differences on TOMM performance. Of the 20 depressed participants, only 2 on Trial 2 and 1 on the Retention Trial scored below the cutoff of 45, while none of the control participants performed in this range. The potential ameliorating effects of medications on the performance of the depressed group are discussed. The results indicate that the TOMM can be used with even severely depressed participants with only slight caution.
