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1.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 161(6): 395-398, 2019 Jun.
Article in German | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31145682

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: In Switzerland, just over 700 veterinary medicinal products are authorized. Nevertheless, in practice veterinarians are often confronted with extraordinary situations in which a suitable veterinary medicinal product is not authorized, unavailable or otherwise not applicable. For livestock and horses in particular, this poses a challenge for pharmacotherapy due to food safety regulations. In these cases, the reclassification assistant can be used to determine whether and how a medicinal product containing the appropriate drug can be reclassified and correctly applied in food-producing animals. The users will be guided step by step with selectable options through the online assistant. If the desired reclassification is permitted in the legal framework, information on the withdrawal periods to be observed for the chosen medicinal product will be provided. This online assistant follows an algorithm based on the reclassification cascade and applicable food safety regulations.


INTRODUCTION: En Suisse, un peu plus de 700 médicaments vétérinaires sont autorisés. Néanmoins, dans la pratique, les vétérinaires sont souvent confrontés à des situations extraordinaires dans lesquelles un médicament vétérinaire approprié n'est ni autorisé, ni disponible, ni utilisable pour d'autres raisons. En particulier pour le bétail et les chevaux, cela pose un défi pour la pharmacothérapie en raison de la réglementation sur la sécurité alimentaire. Dans ces cas, l'assistant de reconversion peut être utilisé pour déterminer si et comment un médicament contenant le principe actif approprié peut être reconverti et correctement appliqué. Les utilisateurs seront guidés pas à pas avec des options sélectionnables via l'assistant en ligne. Si la reconversion souhaitée est autorisée dans le cadre légal, des informations sur les délais d'attente à respecter pour le médicament choisi seront fournies. Cet assistant en ligne suit un algorithme basé sur la cascade de reconversion les réglementations applicables en matière de sécurité alimentaire.


Subject(s)
Food Safety/methods , Livestock , Software , Veterinary Drugs/classification , Veterinary Drugs/standards , Algorithms , Animals , Food Microbiology , Horses , Switzerland
2.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 160(4): 219-226, 2018 Apr.
Article in German | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29615380

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The administration of antibiotics in livestock has been criticized for many years, in particular because of an inappropriate use and the appearance of antibiotic residues in the environment, which can promote the emergence and spread of resistant bacteria. However, antibiotics are essential for the successful and sustainable control of bacterial pathogens. With the aim of optimizing the use of antibiotics in food animals and minimizing the prevalence of resistant bacteria, AntibioticScout. ch provides a decision aid for the prudent use of antimicrobial drugs. This approach emphasizes the importance of supportive therapy and the hallmarks of preventive concepts. Procedures to improve animal health and animal welfare in accordance with the principles of good veterinary practice are primary and effective tools to reduce the use of antimicrobial drugs. The necessary reduction in the use of antibiotics must, therefore, be accompanied by appropriate management strategies in animal husbandry. In particular, hygiene, animal welfare and biosecurity measures are crucial to ensure an optimal health status in farm animals.


INTRODUCTION: On discute depuis des années de l'usage des antibiotiques dans l'élevage des animaux de rente, en particulier en ce qui concerne leur utilisation incorrecte et la charge environnementale liée à des résidus d'antibiotiques susceptibles de favoriser l'apparition et la propagation de résistances. Toutefois les antibiotiques sont essentiels pour assurer une lutte efficace et durable contre les maladies d'origine bactérienne. Dans le but d'optimiser l'usage des antibiotiques dans l'élevage des animaux de rente et, par conséquence, de réduire le développement de résistances, AntibioticScout.ch propose une aide à la décision pour un usage prudent de ces substances ("prudent use"). Parallèlement, on attire l'attention sur les traitements adjuvants et sur les mesures de prévention. Des mesures visant à améliorer la santé et le bien-être des animaux en tenant compte des fondements d'une bonne pratique vétérinaire sont des instruments efficaces pour réduire l'usage des antibiotiques. Cette réduction indispensable doit donc être combinée avec des mesures de gestion adéquates dans les élevages. Ce sont en particulier l'hygiène et les conditions d'élevage correctes ainsi que la mise en place de mesures de biosécurité qui sont décisives pour l'optimisation de la santé des troupeaux.


Subject(s)
Animal Husbandry/methods , Anti-Infective Agents/administration & dosage , Cattle Diseases/prevention & control , Decision Support Systems, Clinical , Veterinary Drugs/administration & dosage , Animals , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/microbiology , Veterinary Medicine/methods
3.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 159(10): 525-533, 2017 Oct.
Article in German | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28952960

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Bacterial resistances to antimicrobial drugs pose serious public health challenges. The observed increase of resistances is attributed to the uncontrolled, massive and often unnecessary administration of antibiotics both in human and veterinary medicine. To support the responsible use of antimicrobials in animals and help veterinarians selecting the most suitable antimicrobial drugs, we developed the AntibioticScout.ch as a comprehensive decision supporting tool providing online access to the current knowledge of rational antibiotic prescription practices. User-friendly search functions allow for the fast and efficient retrieval of information that is structured in this database by animal species, organ systems and therapeutic indications. In addition, an online form allows to report treatment failures in order to identify problematic cases as well as ensuing risks and take appropriate mitigation measures. The present report describes the workflow of this decision support system applied to the prudent use of antimicrobials in companion animal medicine.


INTRODUCTION: Les résistances bactériennes face aux substances antimicrobiennes placent le système de santé face à de grands défis. L'augmentation des résistances est attribuée à une utilisation mal dirigée, massive et souvent inutile d'antibiotiques tant en médecine humaine qu'en médecine vétérinaire. Afin d'encourager une utilisation responsable des substances antimicrobiennes en médecine vétérinaire et pour soutenir les vétérinaires lors du choix de l'antibiotique adapté, on a créé, avec AntibioticScout. ch, une aide à la décision de grande envergure qui permet de recourir à chaque instant aux principes de prescription reconnus de la médecine fondée sur les faits (Evidence Based Medicine). La banque de données est structurée par espèces animales, systèmes d'organes et indications et un moteur de recherche intuitif garantit de trouver rapidement et efficacement les informations. D'autre part un formulaire en ligne pour l'annonce d'une inefficacité est proposé afin de reconnaitre les cas à problèmes et les risques en vue d'améliorer l'aide au diagnostic. La présente contribution pour but de démontrer l'utilisation d'AntibioticScout pour un usage prudent des antibiotiques en médecine des petits animaux.


Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/administration & dosage , Decision Support Techniques , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Veterinary Medicine/methods , Animals , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use , Cat Diseases/drug therapy , Cats , Databases, Factual , Diarrhea/drug therapy , Diarrhea/veterinary , Dog Diseases/drug therapy , Dogs , Female , Pets , Pyoderma/drug therapy , Pyoderma/veterinary , Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy , Respiratory Tract Infections/veterinary , Urinary Tract Infections/drug therapy , Urinary Tract Infections/veterinary
4.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 158(12): 805-810, 2016 Dec.
Article in German | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27934622

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Resistances to antimicrobials pose serious public health challenges. This issue concerns both human and veterinary medicine and can only be solved by a multidisciplinary approach. A comprehensive concept is, therefore, being worked out within the StAR (strategy antibiotic resistance) program in order to preserve the effectiveness of antibiotics for humans as well as animals. In this context, the AntibioticScout (www.AntibioticScout. ch) offers a new online tool for the prudent use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine. By involving all stakeholders, the guidelines included in the AntibioticScout will result in a nationwide accepted standard for the treatment of bacterial infections in animals. An additional system for the rapid reporting of cases of suspected lack of efficacy of antimicrobials is integrated to allow early detection of emerging resistance and the immediate launch of risk mitigation measures. A first version of the AntibioticScout for the treatment of dogs, cats and horses is available by the end of 2016. All stakeholders are now invited to contribute to the development of the AntibioticScout decision support.


INTRODUCTION: Les résistances face aux substances antimicrobiennes placent le système de santé face à de grands défis. Ce problème touche aussi bien la médecine humaine que vétérinaire et ne peut être réglé que de façon transversale. C'est pour cette raison qu'a été développé, avec le programme StAR (Strategie Antibiotikaresistenzen), un concept global pour assurer à long terme l'efficacité des antibiotiques aussi bien chez les hommes que chez les animaux. Dans ce contexte, nous mettons à disposition, avec le développement d'AntibioticScout (www.AntibioticScout. ch), un nouvel outil en ligne pour soutenir un usage responsable des antibiotiques en médecine vétérinaire. Avec le concours de représentants de tous les milieux intéressés, il s'agit de développer les lignes directrices d'un standard accepté au plan national pour le traitement des infections bactériennes chez les animaux et de le mettre à disposition dans AntibioticScout. En outre un système d'annonce immédiate en cas d'inefficacité sera mis en place, afin de repérer précocement les risques et de prendre les mesures correspondantes. Une première version d'AntibioticScout pour le traitement des chiens, chats et chevaux est disponible dès fin 2016. Tous les cercles intéressés sont dès maintenant invités à contribuer au développement d'Antibiotic Scout.


Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Communicable Diseases/drug therapy , Decision Support Techniques , Online Systems , Animals , Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use , Cat Diseases/drug therapy , Cat Diseases/microbiology , Cats , Dog Diseases/drug therapy , Dog Diseases/microbiology , Dogs , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Horse Diseases/drug therapy , Horse Diseases/microbiology , Horses , Humans
5.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 150(5): 217-25, 2008 May.
Article in German | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18557022

ABSTRACT

In a review based on a literature search animal welfare related characteristics in extreme breed types of dogs and cats are summarized, animal welfare aspects are assessed and measures for improvement are described. The resolution of the Council of Europe on the breeding of dogs and cats, the declaration of intent of the International Dog and Cat Breeding Organisations and the resolution of the Federation of Veterinarians of Europe are cited.


Subject(s)
Animal Welfare , Breeding/legislation & jurisprudence , Breeding/standards , Cats/physiology , Dogs/physiology , Animals , Animals, Domestic , Cats/genetics , Dogs/genetics , Europe , Female , Male
6.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 150(5): 227-34, 2008 May.
Article in German | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18557023

ABSTRACT

In a review based on literature searches animal welfare related characteristics in extreme breed types of rabbits, poultry and pigeons are summarized. Animal welfare aspects are assessed and measures for improvement are described.


Subject(s)
Animal Welfare , Columbidae/physiology , Poultry/physiology , Rabbits/physiology , Animals , Breeding , Columbidae/genetics , Female , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Male , Poultry/genetics , Quality of Life , Rabbits/genetics
7.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 148(8): 397-400, 402-4, 2006 Aug.
Article in German | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16933703

ABSTRACT

The new Swiss ordinance on veterinary drugs poses a new challenge to the veterinarians, specially those working with farm animals. A complete overview about the registered veterinary drugs and immunobiologicals is absolutely necessary to cope with these new tasks: the internet version of the Swiss Veterinary Drug Compendium is a versatile tool to satisfy this needs (http://www.tierarzneimittel.ch). Due to the frequent updates and powerful search possibilities, this database is a reliable and comprehensive information system regarding Swiss veterinary drugs. We will demonstrate how this system can be used as a valuable help in the case of reconversions of drugs (e.g. use of small animal drugs in farm animals).


Subject(s)
Legislation, Drug , Legislation, Veterinary , Safety , Veterinary Drugs/standards , Animals , Switzerland
8.
J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med ; 48(6): 337-42, 2001 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11554491

ABSTRACT

The analgesic potency of butorphanol 25 microg/kg bodyweight (BW) and levomethadone 100 microg/kg BW, administered together with detomidine 10 microg/kg BW, was measured in twelve Warmblood horses in a randomized, blinded cross-over study. Detomidine with saline 10 ml 0.9% was used as placebo. The nociceptive threshold was determined using a constant current and a pneumatic pressure model for somatic pair Detomidine alone and in combination with butorphanol or levomethadone caused a significant temporary increase (P < 0.05) of the nociceptive threshold with a maximum effect within 15 min and a return to baseline levels within 90 min. Butorphanol and levomethadone increased the nociceptive threshold and prolonged the duration of anti-nociception significantly from 15 to 75 min (P < 0.05) after drug administration compared with detomidine alone to both test methods. No significant difference between butorphanol and levomethadone was registered. It is concluded that the addition of butorphanol or levomethadone to detomidine increases the nociceptive threshold to somatic pain and prolongs the analgesic effect of detomidine in the horse.


Subject(s)
Analgesics, Opioid , Butorphanol , Horses/physiology , Hypnotics and Sedatives , Imidazoles , Methadone , Animals , Cross-Over Studies , Female , Male , Pain Measurement/veterinary
10.
Helv Paediatr Acta ; 43(3): 187-93, 1988 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3065299

ABSTRACT

The incidence of isolated CNS-relapse in the SPOG ALL studies 1976-1986 was analyzed and the prophylaxis of meningosis leucaemica of the different studies was compared. In the SPOG ALL high-risk study 1979-1983, the incidence of isolated CNS-relapse was significantly higher (17/71, 24%) than in the other studies. In this period, radiotherapy was omitted and the prophylactic treatment consisted only of moderately high doses of intravenous methotrexate and intrathecal methotrexate. In other studies, it was shown that the prophylactic combination of CNS-radiotherapy and intrathecal methotrexate, or the periodic administration of combined intrathecal chemotherapy alone, during the whole therapy of 2 1/2 years, produced comparably good results. The prophylaxis with the combined intrathecal chemotherapy was less neurotoxic and allowed the use of a curative radiotherapy in case of a CNS-relapse.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Central Nervous System Diseases , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma , Adolescent , Central Nervous System Diseases/drug therapy , Central Nervous System Diseases/radiotherapy , Child , Child, Preschool , Combined Modality Therapy , Cytarabine/administration & dosage , Female , Humans , Hydrocortisone/administration & dosage , Infant , Injections, Intravenous , Injections, Spinal , Male , Methotrexate/administration & dosage , Multicenter Studies as Topic , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/radiotherapy , Retrospective Studies , Switzerland
11.
12.
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