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2.
J Hum Nutr Diet ; 22(1): 12-20, 2009 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19192023

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Continuing professional development (CPD) for Health Professions Council (HPC) registrants became mandatory in July 2006. Some health professions have identified external barriers to CPD participation, and other research suggests that mandatory CPD can devalue learning. The present study aimed to investigate current CPD practices of UK dietitians and to identify their attitudes towards the new mandatory requirement. METHODS: UK Dietitians were asked to participate in an online questionnaire made available via an advert placed on the British Dietetic Association's website and in an electronic newsletter. RESULTS: Of 206 respondents, 98.1% kept a CPD portfolio. Those who had undertaken the 'ABC' placement model (23.7%) were more likely to keep their portfolio up to date (P = 0.006). Only 41.3% dietitians were confident that they would currently meet the minimum CPD requirement, whereas 77.2% believed they would comply by the first audit in 2010. Some 50.5% dietitians considered their CPD time commitment insufficient due to obstacles such as workload and time constraints. A total of 96.1% respondents acknowledged the importance of undertaking CPD, with the introduction of a mandatory system appearing to provide the motivation to engage in CPD. CONCLUSIONS: UK dietitians are currently engaging in CPD. There is, however, concern regarding achievement of the compulsory requirement for the HPC 2010 audit. The findings show barriers exist to engaging in CPD activities and to maintaining a portfolio. These issues could be addressed with the introduction of protected time for CPD.


Subject(s)
Attitude of Health Personnel , Dietetics/education , Education, Continuing , Staff Development , Curriculum , Dietetics/standards , Female , Humans , Male , Surveys and Questionnaires , Time Factors , United Kingdom , Workload
3.
Biochem J ; 349(Pt 2): 489-99, 2000 Jul 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10880348

ABSTRACT

The p34(cdc2) protein kinase, a universal regulator of mitosis, is controlled positively and negatively by phosphorylation, and by association with B-type mitotic cyclins. In addition, activation and inactivation of p34(cdc2) are induced by Ca(2+) and prevented by Ca(2+) chelators in permeabilized cells and cell-free systems. This suggests that intracellular Ca(2+) transients may play an important physiological role in the control of p34(cdc2) kinase activity. We have found that activators of protein kinase C can be used to block cell cycle-related alterations in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in early sea urchin embryos without altering the normal resting level of Ca(2+). We have used this finding to investigate whether [Ca(2+)](i) transients control p34(cdc2) kinase activity in living cells via a mechanism that involves cyclin B or the phosphorylation state of p34(cdc2). In the present study we show that the elimination of [Ca(2+)](i) transients during interphase blocks p34(cdc2) activation and entry into mitosis, while the elimination of mitotic [Ca(2+)](i) transients prevents p34(cdc2) inactivation and exit from mitosis. Moreover, we find that [Ca(2+)](i) transients are not required for the synthesis of cyclin B, its binding to p34(cdc2) or its destruction during anaphase. However, in the absence of interphase [Ca(2+)](i) transients p34(cdc2) does not undergo the tyrosine dephosphorylation that is required for activation, and in the absence of mitotic [Ca(2+)](i) transients p34(cdc2) does not undergo threonine dephosphorylation that is normally associated with inactivation. These results provide evidence that intracellular [Ca(2+)](i) transients trigger the dephosphorylation of p34(cdc2) at key regulatory sites, thereby controlling the timing of mitosis entry and exit.


Subject(s)
CDC2 Protein Kinase/metabolism , Calcium/metabolism , Mitosis/physiology , Protein Kinase C/metabolism , Sea Urchins/enzymology , Animals , CDC2 Protein Kinase/physiology , Carcinogens/pharmacology , Cell Cycle/drug effects , Cyclin B/metabolism , Embryo, Nonmammalian/cytology , Embryo, Nonmammalian/enzymology , Enzyme Activation , Enzyme Activators/pharmacology , Mitosis/drug effects , Phosphorylation , Sea Urchins/embryology , Sea Urchins/metabolism , Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology , Time Factors
4.
Healthc Financ Manage ; 47(1): 58-60, 62, 64, 1993 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10145739

ABSTRACT

Recently, Healthcare Financial Management contacted five EDI experts to discuss a variety of issues related to EDI and the healthcare industry. Their answers to our questions, presented below, are both optimistic and realistic. Our experts feel that EDI can transform the healthcare industry into a model of efficiency, but their enthusiasm is tempered by the realization that politics, bureaucracy, budgets, and resistance to change can take a toll on even the most ardent of EDI supporters. Nevertheless, they believe that EDI can and will work. In the pages that follow, they discuss why, how, and when.


Subject(s)
Computer Communication Networks/trends , Insurance Claim Reporting/trends , Attitude of Health Personnel , Efficiency , Hospital Administrators , Program Development , United States
5.
Respir Physiol ; 41(3): 381-90, 1980 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7455401

ABSTRACT

Cultures of Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts and explants of 20-day-old rat lungs were exposed to 95% oxygen with 5% CO2 in vitro. The Chinese hamster cells had stopped dividing after 17 hours exposure and cell death occurred at a mean time of 67 hours (s.d. 15 hours). The rat lung explants showed macrophages moving over a monolayer of alveolar type II epithelial cells. Both cell types appeared to function normally for 24 hours but cell division in the type II cells was about 50% of control between 12 and 24 hours of exposure and virtually ceased after 26 hours. Cell death commenced after 4 days and was complete in 9 days. Macrophages divided freely in the control cultures but only one division was seen during exposure to oxygen and that occurred during the first 24 hours. Motility was reduced by 50% during the second day of exposure and stopped during the 3rd day. No live macrophages were seen after 4 days exposure. These culture systems appear very suitable for screening drugs for their protective effect against oxygen toxicity.


Subject(s)
Fibroblasts/metabolism , Lung/cytology , Macrophages/metabolism , Oxygen/metabolism , Animals , Cell Survival , Cells, Cultured , Chemotaxis , Cricetinae , Epithelial Cells , Epithelium/metabolism , Rats
6.
Br J Anaesth ; 52(6): 567-72, 1980 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7426227

ABSTRACT

Chromosomal aberrations resulting from the exposure of Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells to 95% oxygen have been used to investigate the protective effect of three steroids. Hydrocortisone had little useful effect. However, dosage of both methylprednisolone and dexamethasone could be increased to a level at which damage by oxygen was reduced to 50% of nuclei compared with 90% damaged in cells unprotected by steroids. There was no appreciable impairment of cell growth. Concentrations of steroids required for this effect were respectively 100 and 10 mumol litre-1, which corresponds to the high dosage regimen currently used to protect the lungs against the effects of endotoxic shock, haemorrhage and other conditions. The steroids did not protect against the depression of cell growth caused by 95% oxygen.


Subject(s)
Dexamethasone/pharmacology , Hydrocortisone/pharmacology , Lung/drug effects , Methylprednisolone/pharmacology , Oxygen/toxicity , Animals , Cells, Cultured , Chromosome Aberrations , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , Fibroblasts/drug effects
9.
Br J Anaesth ; 51(12): 1101-8, 1979 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-526376

ABSTRACT

Various indices of function of neutrophils from normal healthy volunteers have been examined after in vitro exposure to halothane. Random free movement on glass was unaffected, but random migration through millipore filters was slightly increased. There was no significant change in migration in response to casein chemotaxis. Phagocytosis, degranulation and the enhanced non-mitochondrial respiration associated with phagocytosis were unaffected. Electron-microscopic appearance at 30 s after exposure to latex particles was normal in all respects.


Subject(s)
Halothane/pharmacology , Neutrophils/drug effects , Cell Movement/drug effects , Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/drug effects , Humans , In Vitro Techniques , Neutrophils/metabolism , Neutrophils/physiology , Oxygen Consumption/drug effects , Phagocytosis/drug effects , Time Factors
10.
Br J Anaesth ; 51(4): 273-81, 1979 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-465252

ABSTRACT

Cytotoxic effects of procaine, lignocaine and bupivacaine were investigated on cultures of Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts. Cell growth was inhibited over 24 h exposures with an ED50 of 0.17% for procaine, 0.07% for lignocaine and 0.02% for bupivacaine. Cell survival (measured as colony-forming ability) was reduced over 24 h exposure with an ED50 of 0.21% for procaine, 0.09% for lignocaine and 0.06% for bupivacaine. Morphological changes included vacuolation, cell rounding and retraction from the surface on which the cells were growing. Motility was reduced to about 50% of control by lignocaine 0.1%. On removal of the local anaesthetics, cell growth was resumed after about 15 h without evidence of chromosome damage. Corresponding changes induced by inhalation anaesthetics are only seen at two to three times the minimal alveolar concentration required for anaesthesia.


Subject(s)
Bupivacaine/pharmacology , Cell Survival/drug effects , Lidocaine/pharmacology , Procaine/pharmacology , Animals , Cell Division/drug effects , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , Fibroblasts/drug effects , Lung/cytology , Mitosis/drug effects , Time Factors
13.
Science ; 200(4347): 1263-4, 1978 Jun 16.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17738717
15.
Br J Anaesth ; 49(8): 777-9, 1977 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-889666

ABSTRACT

Enflurane was tested by the 8-azaguanine system for any evidence of mutagenic effects. No significant increase in the number of mutant colonies compared with controls was found after 24 h of exposure of Chinese hamster cells to 1.5-6.5% enflurane and no damaged chromosomes were seen in metaphase cells on slides. Studies of inhibition of growth rate by enflurane show that in this respect its effects were similar in magnitude to other commonly used inhalation anaesthetic agents, but with regard to cell survival (as measured by colony-forming ability) there was surprisingly little increase in toxicity with increasing concentrations of enflurane.


Subject(s)
Cells, Cultured/drug effects , Enflurane/pharmacology , Methyl Ethers/pharmacology , Mutation/drug effects , Azaguanine , Cell Division/drug effects , Cell Survival/drug effects
16.
Vet Rec ; 101(1): 22, 1977 Jul 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-888319
17.
Br J Anaesth ; 49(3): 207-10, 1977 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-911573

ABSTRACT

Halothane with and without nitrous oxide and chloroform alone were tested for mutagenic effects at the 8-azaguanine locus on the chromosomes of Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells in culture. No significant numbers of mutations were found after 24 h exposures to 1-3% of these anaesthetics, or to 75% nitrous oxide.


Subject(s)
Chloroform/pharmacology , Halothane/pharmacology , Mutation/drug effects , Animals , Azaguanine/metabolism , Cell Line , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , In Vitro Techniques , Nitrous Oxide/pharmacology
18.
Anesthesiology ; 45(4): 413-20, 1976 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-973693

ABSTRACT

The effects of halothane on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis and events preceding DNA synthesis have been examined in Chinese hamster fibroblasts in culture.DNA synthesis was studied by the uptake of 3H-thymidine during short periods of incubation that minimized effects on cells in the presynthetic phase (G1). Halothane produced slight but significant dose-related depression of 3H-thymidine uptake (20 per cent depression with 2 per cent halothane). In a separate series of experiments, synchronized cultures were exposed to 1-3 per cent halothane in G 1 phase for three or five hours. Halothane caused a postponement of onset of DNA synthesis (S phase), indicating a delay in G 1. This delay roughly equalled the duration of exposure to 3 per cent halothane but was less with 2 per cent halothane. The delay was only about one hour with 1 per cent halothane.


Subject(s)
DNA/biosynthesis , Fibroblasts/drug effects , Halothane/pharmacology , Mitosis/drug effects , Animals , Cricetinae , Culture Techniques , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Fibroblasts/metabolism , Thymidine/metabolism , Time Factors , Tritium
19.
Anesthesiology ; 44(6): 461-71, 1976 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1275313

ABSTRACT

When Chinese hamster fibroblasts divide in the presence of halothane there is an increased incidence of cells with abnormal nuclei, both in mitosis and in interphase. The authors compared the effects of halothane and nitrous oxide separately and in combination. Nitrous oxide, 75 percent, alone had no significant effect compared with controls, less than 1.4 per cent of cells showing abnormalities, while halothane alone had a dose-dependent effect on both phases of the cell cycle. Halothane, 1 per cent, caused abnormalities in 7 per cent (SEM +/- 0.32) of cells in interphase and in 12 per cent (SEM +/- 0.95) of cells in mitosis, but the combination of 0.75 per cent halothane with 75 percent nitrous oxide produced 15 per cent (SEM +/- 0.68) abnormal cells in interphase and 22 per cent (SEM +/- 0.51) abnormal mitoses. Similar highly significant differences were obtained throughout the dose-response curves to as much as 4 per cent halothane in air and 2.35 per cent halothane in 75 per cent nitrous oxide. This appears to demonstrate synergism between halothane and nitrous oxide in the production of this particular side effect. In contrast, the effects of halothane and nitrous oxide on growth rate were additive.


Subject(s)
Anesthesia, Inhalation/adverse effects , Cell Nucleus/drug effects , Halothane/adverse effects , Nitrous Oxide/adverse effects , Animals , Cell Line , Cell Nucleus/ultrastructure , Cricetinae , Depression, Chemical , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Synergism , Fibroblasts/ultrastructure , Mitosis
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