Analysis of the temporal and spatial evolution of turbidity in Tonle Sap Lake and its influencing factors.

Turbidity is a crucial indicator of water quality. The European Commission's Copernicus Land Monitoring Service Platform provides free turbidity data for large lakes to monitor the global water quality of lakes. However, the data were missing from April 2012 to April 2016, severely limiting long-term analysis. Based on MODIS and turbidity data, Random Forest and XGBoost models are used to invert Tonle Sap Lake's turbidity. Random Forest outperformed the XGBoost model. Based on Random Forest model, missing data were filled in to construct long-term series data of Tonle Sap Lake turbidity (2004-2021). Trend, persistence and correlation analyses were conducted to reveal spatiotemporal characteristics and driving mechanism of turbidity. The results showed that: (1) spatially, the average annual, monthly, and seasonal turbidity was higher in the north but lower in the south, with regions of higher turbidity exhibiting more significant changes; (2) temporally, the annual turbidity mean was 53.99 NTU and showed an increasing trend. Monthly, turbidity values were higher from March to August and lower from September to February, with the highest and lowest recorded in June and November at 110.06 and 5.82 NTU, respectively. Seasonally, turbidity was higher in spring and summer compared to autumn and winter, with mean turbidity values of 84.16, 93.47, 15.33 and 23.21 NTU, respectively; (3) In terms of sustainability, the Hurst exponent for annual turbidity was 0.23, indicating a reverse trend in the near future; (4) Dam construction's impact on turbidity was not significant. Compared with natural factors (permanent wetlands, grasslands, lake surface water temperature, and remote sensing ecological index), human activities (barren, urban and built-up lands, croplands and population density) had a more significant impact on turbidity. Turbidity was highly correlated with croplands (r = 0.76), followed by population density (r = 0.71), and urban and built-up lands (r = 0.69).

The effects of IL-17/IL-17R inhibitors on atherosclerosis in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis.

BACKGROUND: Psoriasis (PSO) is a systemic inflammatory disorder that presents with erythematous scaling of the skin and is associated with autoimmune dysfunction. Atherosclerosis is one of the major comorbidities of PSO. PSO-associated inflammatory factor IL-17 could lead to vascular endothelial cell injury and atherosclerosis. While some research results show that IL-17 helps stabilize plaque formation. Efficacy and safety on PSO and psoriatic arthritis (PSA) of existing IL-17/IL-17R biologics (secukinumab, ixekizumab, brodalumab, and bimekizumab) have been clinically validated, but whether they can improve atherosclerotic outcomes in psoriatic patients remains controversial. METHODS: Seven electronic search engines will be searched from inception to December 1, 2020, including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, PsycINFO, Global Health, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library. Clinical trial registries, potential grey literature, relevant conference abstracts, and reference lists of identified studies will also be searched. Literature selection, data extraction, and quality assessment will be done by 2 independent authors. Based on the heterogeneity test, the fixed effect or random effect model will be used for data synthesis. Changes in lung function will be evaluated as the primary outcome. Assessment of symptoms, quality of life, medication use, exacerbations and adverse events will be assessed as secondary outcomes. RevMan V. 5.3.5 (The Nordic Cochrane Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark) will be used for meta-analysis. RESULTS: This study will provide a synthesis of current evidence of IL-17/IL-17R inhibitors on atherosclerosis in PSO and PSA. CONCLUSION: The conclusion of our study will provide updated evidence to judge whether IL-17/IL-17R inhibitors is an effective solution to atherosclerosis as comorbidity of PSO and PSA. PROSPERP REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020209897.

An effective "precursor-transformation" route toward the high-yield synthesis of ZIF-8 tubes.

An effective "precursor-transformation" route was developed for the high-yield synthesis of ZIF-8 tubes based on the reaction of 1D Zn-EG (ethylene glycol) wires with 2-methylimidazole (with around 0.6 g of ZIF-8/60 mL of solvent, the yield is over 90% based on Zn). The ZIF-8 tubes fixed on a sponge can be used as an effective material for oil/water separation.