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1.
J Org Chem ; 86(13): 9084-9095, 2021 Jul 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34115505

ABSTRACT

A protocol in the preparation of functionalized N-allyl-N-aryl sulfonamides via palladium-catalyzed intramolecular decarboxylative N-allylation reaction is presented. The alkylated 2,5-cyclohexadienyl ketoesters reacted with arylsulfonamides in the presence of titanium tetrachloride and pyridine, which allows the formation of alkylated 2,5-cyclohexadienyl sulfonyl iminoesters which then undergo a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular allylic amidation through decarboxylative aromatization to provide functionalized N-allyl-N-aryl sulfonamides. This allylation protocol proceeds with good regioselectivity. Moreover, we have also shown that N-allyl-N-aryl sulfonamide can be transformed into 4-aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline and nitrogen-containing ß-hydroxysulfide bioactives.

2.
Front Public Health ; 8: 60, 2020.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32195218

ABSTRACT

This study attempts to investigate if suicide is interlinked with unemployment in Mexico by making use of a recently developed Bootstrap ARDL bound test over the years of 1981-2016. To avoid omitting variable bias, we use economic growth rate as a control variable. The empirical results indicate that no co-integration among these three variables and there is a positively bidirectional causality between suicide rate and the unemployment rate. This study will showcase that the economic growth rate negatively affects unemployment rate and unidirectional Granger causality running from economic growth rate to the unemployment rate in Mexico. The findings presented in this study could provide with valuable information for society and health policy makers to formulate the policies on suicide prevention in Mexico.


Subject(s)
Suicide , Unemployment , Causality , Economic Development , Humans , Mexico/epidemiology
3.
J Clin Nurs ; 19(5-6): 673-81, 2010 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20500309

ABSTRACT

AIM: The aim of this study was to understand the health care needs and related factors for patients with knee osteoarthritis during the early recovery period after total knee-replacement surgery. BACKGROUND: Knee-replacement surgery effectively relieves pain and improves mobility for patients with knee osteoarthritis. With shorter hospital stays, postoperative knee-replacement patients need guidance from medical personnel about self-care, but little is known about these patients' health care needs. DESIGN: This descriptive, correlational study used a longitudinal design. METHOD: A convenience sample of 85 patients undergoing total knee-replacement surgery in northern Taiwan was interviewed before and 1-2 weeks after hospital discharge. Data were collected on participants' demographic characteristics, disease characteristics, symptom distress and health care needs. RESULTS: Participants' health care needs diminished significantly after hospital discharge. Before hospital discharge, the most important need was medical personnel to help relieve postoperative pain, and health care needs were predicted by symptom distress and age. After hospital discharge, the most important need was medical personnel to help understand the conditions requiring a return visit to hospital, and health care needs were predicted by symptom distress, health care needs before discharge, age and gender. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study provide a comprehensive understanding of health care needs before and after discharge, as well as predictive factors for patients undergoing total knee-replacement surgery. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Given today's shorter hospital stays, clinicians need to prioritise health care needs indicated by predictive variables. This strategy would help optimise assessment and care management by focusing on patients' greater health care needs and by tailoring care information and skills to patients' individual needs.


Subject(s)
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee , Health Services Needs and Demand , Osteoarthritis, Knee/surgery , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Middle Aged , Postoperative Period
4.
Am J Primatol ; 69(2): 199-211, 2007 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17154380

ABSTRACT

Feeding-related agonism among wild female Taiwanese macaques was investigated in two study groups at ecologically diverse sites (Fu-shan and Ken-ting) to determine whether contest-feeding competition was present in these groups. Females that contest for food within a primate group are hypothesized to form dominance hierarchies and tend to be philopatric. In this study we tested 1) whether Taiwanese macaque females show higher agonism in a feeding context, 2) whether they exhibit stronger agonism over higher-quality foods, and 3) whether higher agonism rates occur in smaller food patches. Female Taiwanese macaques at both study sites showed similar agonism rates in a feeding context (0.30 events/hr). They exhibited higher agonism rates inside food patches than outside food patches in the spring. Higher agonism rates occurred during seasons of higher fruit availability, and a lower agonism rate occurred in winter when the macaques switched to feeding on fallback foods. Females in the Fu-shan group exhibited higher proportions of aggressive interactions over higher-quality foods, such as animal matter and the reproductive parts of plants. In the Ken-ting group, 95.8% of feeding-related agonistic interactions among females occurred over fruits. Agonistic interactions that occurred in small food patches tended to result in the agonism recipient leaving the food patch. We conclude that female Taiwanese macaques show contest feeding competition in certain contexts. The patterns we observed have also been documented in other primate species in which females are philopatric and form linear dominance hierarchies.


Subject(s)
Agonistic Behavior , Behavior, Animal , Macaca/psychology , Animals , Competitive Behavior , Female , Taiwan
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