Multiple analytical methods for identification and quality evaluation of Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus based on biological single molecules by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Quantitative analysis for biological single molecules in Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus and identification method by chemometrics was established by using high-performance liquid chromatography. Amino acids, nucleosides, and nucleobases were quantitatively analyzed, and 11 peaks were selected for species identification. A Common pattern was established for chemometrics, and then similarity analysis, principal component analysis, and hierarchical cluster analysis heatmap were applied, and the results indicated that species were ideally identified from the adulterants as Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus. This evaluation method was valuable for further quality control to select the characteristic components.

Combination with Chemometrics and Quantification for Quality Evaluation and Variety Identification of Flos Chimonanthi Praecocis by HPLC.

Flos Chimonanthi Praecocis (FCP) is one of the popular traditional Chinese medicines, which have been widely used in China. Inconspicuous appearance differences are disadvantageous for identification, and it is difficult to evaluate the quality of FCP using the current methods. In this article, a simple method that combined chemometrics and quantitative analysis was established. The samples were obtained from three typical varieties for fingerprint analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography. Contents of rutin and quercetin were determined, and then a common pattern with 16 characteristic peaks was applied for principal component analysis, similarity analysis, and the hierarchical cluster analysis heatmap (HCA heatmap) to characterize the similarity and differences among samples for identification. Furthermore, seven characteristics peaks with higher loading values were selected for chemometrics analysis after dimensionality reduction to reduce analytical difficulty, and the new common pattern showed the similar identification effects. Overall, combination with chemometrics and quantitative analysis would provide a useful and simple method for quality control of FCP in the future.

[Identification of two varieties of Citri Fructus by fingerprint and chemometrics].

Citri Fructus identification by fingerprint and chemometrics was investigated in this paper. Twenty-three Citri Fructus samples were collected which referred to two varieties as Cirtus wilsonii and C. medica recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. HPLC chromatograms were obtained. The components were partly identified by reference substances, and then common pattern was established for chemometrics analysis. Similarity analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) , partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and hierarchical cluster analysis heatmap were applied. The results indicated that C. wilsonii and C. medica could be ideally classified with common pattern contained twenty-five characteristic peaks. Besides, preliminary pattern recognition had verified the chemometrics analytical results. Absolute peak area (APA) was used for relevant quantitative analysis, results showed the differences between two varieties and it was valuable for further quality control as selection of characteristic components.

An attenuated coxsackievirus b3 vector: a potential tool for viral tracking study and gene delivery.

Cardiomyocytes are quite resistant to gene transfer using standard techniques. We developed an expression vector carrying an attenuated but infectious and replicative coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) genome, and unique ClaI-StuI cloning sites for an exogenous gene, whose product can be released from the nascent viral polyprotein by 2A(pro) cleavage. This vector was tested as an expression vehicle for green fluorescent protein (GFP). The vector transiently expressed GFP in cell cultures for at least ten passages and delivered functional GFP to the infected cardiomyocytes for at least 6 days. Moreover, the recombinant viruses showed virulence attenuation in vitro and in vivo. The findings suggest that the recombinant CVB3 vector could be a useful tool for viral tracking study and delivering exogenous proteins to cardiomyocytes.