ABSTRACT
Background: Multimorbidity coexistence is a serious public health issue affecting a significant number of older adults worldwide. However, associations between multimorbidity and mortality are rarely studied in China. We assessed the effects of multimorbidity coexistence on mortality among a nationwide sample of older adults from China. Objective: We analyzed 10-year (2008-2018) longitudinal data of 12,337 individuals who took part in China, a nationwide survey of people aged 65 years and above. We used the Cox proportional hazard model to determine the effects of multimorbidity on the all-cause mortality risk. We also examined mortality risk between sex and age obtained through differential analysis. Results: At baseline, 30.2, 29.9, and 39.9% of participants had 0, 1, and 2 or more diseases, respectively. The cumulative follow-up of this study was 27,428 person-years (median follow-up = 2.7 years; range, 0.01-11.3 years), with 8297 deaths. The HRs (95% CIs) for all-cause mortality in participants with 1, and 2 or more conditions compared with those with none were 1.04 (0.98, 1.10) and 1.12 (1.06, 1.18), respectively. The heterogeneity analysis indicated that, the mortality risk for 80-94 years and 95-104 years group with multimorbidity coexistence is 1.12 (1.05-1.21) and 1.11 (1.01-1.23), respectively, but the mortality risk for 65-79 years group with multimorbidity coexistence was not statistically significant. The heterogeneity analysis indicated that, the mortality risk for men and women in older adults with multimorbidity coexistence is 1.15 (1.06, 1.25) and 1.08 (1.01, 1.17), respectively. Conclusion: Multimorbidity coexistence is associated with an increase in an increased risk of death in older individuals, with the effect being relatively significant in those aged 80-94 years.
Subject(s)
Mortality , Multimorbidity , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , China/epidemiology , Proportional Hazards Models , Risk Assessment , Aged, 80 and overABSTRACT
A simple, low-temperature and green template-free synthetic route has been used to prepare mesoporous TiO2 with anatase and brookite bicrystalline framework. This route combines a quick hydrolysis at ambient temperature and sequent hydrothermal treatment at 80-180 egrees C without further calcination. The resultant materials were characterized by XRD, TEM and nitrogen adsorption. It was found that the wormhole-like mesostructure and the bicrystalline framework could be formed in the hydrothermal treatment, and high surface areas of 160-250 m2 x g(-1) could be obtained due to the avoidance of calcination at high temperature. The effect of hydrothermal temperature on mesoporosity and crystallinity was also investigated and discussed. The as-prepared TiO2 samples exhibited higher photocatalytic activities than pure anatase TiO2 and corresponding calcined samples in the degradation of methyl orange, which can be attributed to the combined effect of composite crystalline phase and high surface area.
