Perineural Infiltration: A Comprehensive Review of Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Implications.

ABSTRACT: Perineural infiltration refers to a neoplastic cell involvement in, around, and through the nerves. It is considered as one of the neoplastic dissemination pathways. Thus, its identification is crucial to establish the prognosis of some malignant skin neoplasms, such as squamous cell carcinoma, and explains the locally aggressive behavior of cutaneous neoplasms, such as microcystic adnexal carcinoma. We have conducted a review of malignant and benign skin tumors in which perineural infiltration has been described, and we also discuss some histopathological findings that may simulate perineural infiltration.

Clinical, histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic findings in cutaneous monkeypox: A multicenter retrospective case series in Spain.

BACKGROUND: The worldwide outbreak of monkeypox has evidenced the usefulness of the dermatologic manifestations for its diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: To describe the histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings of monkeypox cutaneous lesions. METHODS: This is a retrospective histopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 20 patients with positive Monkeypox virus DNA polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical positivity for Vaccinia virus in cutaneous lesions. Four cases were also examined by electron microscopy. RESULTS: The most characteristic histopathologic findings consisted of full-thickness epidermal necrosis with hyperplasia and keratinocytic ballooning at the edges. In some cases, the outer root sheath of the hair follicle and the sebaceous gland epithelium were affected. Intraepithelial cytoplasmic inclusion bodies and scattered multinucleated keratinocytes were occasionally found. Immunohistochemically, strong positivity with anti-Vaccinia virus antibody was seen in the cytoplasm of ballooned keratinocytes. Electron microscopy study demonstrated numerous viral particles of monkeypox in affected keratinocytes. LIMITATIONS: Small sample size. Electron microscopic study was only performed in 4 cases. CONCLUSION: Epidermal necrosis and keratinocytic ballooning are the most constant histopathologic findings. Immunohistochemical positivity for Vaccinia virus was mostly detected in the cytoplasm of the ballooned keratinocytes. These findings support the usefulness of histopathologic and immunohistochemical studies of cutaneous lesions for diagnosis of monkeypox.

Histopathology of Dermatologic Complications of Tattoos.

ABSTRACT: Tattoos are characterized by the introduction of exogenous pigments into the dermis. Tattoos usually serve cosmetic purposes, although they may have other causes, such as traumatic pigment implants in accidents or medical-related tattoos in the context of radiotherapy. Dermatologic adverse reactions are relatively uncommon, and they include infections, immune-mediated reactions, cutaneous lesions secondary to the Koebner phenomenon, exacerbation of preexisting dermatosis, benign and malignant neoplasms, and a miscellaneous group of dermatologic conditions that may appear in a preexisting tattoo. The aim of this study is to review the types of histopathologic reactions that may appear in a preexisting permanent tattoo.

Immunophenotypic Differences in Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Neovascularization Between Primary Cutaneous Melanoma With and Without Metastasis: An Immunohistochemical Study of 80 Cases.

ABSTRACT: The prognostic implications of the immunophenotype of the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in primary cutaneous melanoma are well known. In recent years, the study of this immunophenotype has also resulted in immunotherapeutic consequences. The aims of this study were to characterize the subpopulations of TILs in primary cutaneous melanoma, in cases with and without metastasis, as well as the neovascularization associated with the primary neoplasm, and its influence on the development of metastasis. To this end, the immunophenotype of TILs and the neovascularization of 80 patients with primary cutaneous melanoma (40 each with metastatic and non-metastatic melanoma) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for CD3, CD4, CD8, FOXP3, PD-1, CD31, and D2-40 antibodies. We found that higher frequencies of TILs with brisk pattern, and CD4+, CD8+, and CD20+ cells in TILs, and a lower frequency of CD31+ vessels were histopathological features associated with better prognosis in primary cutaneous melanoma. Our results support the notion that the immunohistochemical study of TILs and neovascularization in primary cutaneous melanoma may be helpful tools for identifying patients at increased risk of metastasis development.

Incidence of human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal cancer and outcomes after chemoradiation in a population of heavy smokers.

BACKGROUND: Incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal carcinomas is increasing worldwide. The purpose of this study was to report the incidence in our region, and to determine the influence of HPV status on survival among a heavy smoking population. METHODS: p16 expression was analyzed in 102 patients with stage II to IV treated with chemoradiation. Overall survival (OS), locoregional control, and disease-free survival (DFS) were compared for HPV+ and HPV- status. RESULTS: The majority of patients were smokers (86%). p16 positivity was found in 26.7%. Patients who were HPV+ were younger (56 vs 59 years old; p = .052). No differences were observed regarding tumor stage, sex, or smoking between HPV+ and HPV-. Three-year OS was 67.4% for patients who were HPV+ versus 49.7% for HPV- (hazard ratio [HR], 0.55; p = .095). CONCLUSION: Incidence of HPV-related oropharyngeal carcinoma in Spain is similar to that reported in other European countries. In this sample of heavy smokers, we observed a nonsignificant trend for better outcomes in patients who were HPV+.

Captación de adolescentes gestantes e interrupción del embarazo durante un quinquenio en la provincia de Santiago de Cuba / Prenatal visit of pregnant teenagers and interruption of pregnancy during a five year period in Santiago de Cuba province

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de las adolescentes con captación de embarazo o interrupción de este, o ambos, en la provincia de Santiago de Cuba, durante el quinquenio 2007-2011, con vistas a caracterizarles según grupos etarios, métodos y procedimientos de interrupción de la gestación, y además determinar la razón captación e interrupción de embarazo, así como captación de embarazo y aborto provocado. Los resultados mostraron que el método más utilizado para interrumpir la gestación fue la regulación menstrual, con una tendencia descendente a emplearlo; en tanto se observó un ascenso del aborto provocado y el número de embarazos, con una cifra superior de interrupciones respecto a las captaciones. Se recomendó incrementar la labor educativa sobre salud sexual y reproductiva en los jóvenes y sus familiares, para así lograr disminuir la cantidad de embarazos en las adolescentes y las interrupciones de estos, de manera que mejore la calidad de vida de dicha población de féminas(AU)

A descriptive and cross-sectional study of the adolescents under prenatal screening visits, and/or interruption of pregnancy, was carried out in Santiago de Cuba, during the five year period 2007-2011, aimed at characterizing them according to age groups, methods and interruption procedures for pregnancy, and also to determine the reason why the prenatal visit and pregnancy interruption occurred, as well as why prenatal visit and artificial abortion took place. The results showed that the most used method to interrupt pregnancy was the menstrual regulation, with a declining tendency to use it; meanwhile an increase of the artificial abortion and the number of pregnancies was observed, with a higher number of interruptions compared to the prenatal visits. It was recommended to increase the educational work on sexual and reproductive health in the youth and their relatives, so as to decrease the quantity of pregnancies in the adolescents and their interruptions, so that the life quality of this female population improves(AU)

Captación de adolescentes gestantes e interrupción del embarazo durante un quinquenio en la provincia de Santiago de Cuba / Prenatal visit of pregnant teenagers and interruption of pregnancy during a five year period in Santiago de Cuba province

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de las adolescentes con captación de embarazo o interrupción de este, o ambos, en la provincia de Santiago de Cuba, durante el quinquenio 2007-2011, con vistas a caracterizarles según grupos etarios, métodos y procedimientos de interrupción de la gestación, y además determinar la razón captación e interrupción de embarazo, así como captación de embarazo y aborto provocado. Los resultados mostraron que el método más utilizado para interrumpir la gestación fue la regulación menstrual, con una tendencia descendente a emplearlo; en tanto se observó un ascenso del aborto provocado y el número de embarazos, con una cifra superior de interrupciones respecto a las captaciones. Se recomendó incrementar la labor educativa sobre salud sexual y reproductiva en los jóvenes y sus familiares, para así lograr disminuir la cantidad de embarazos en las adolescentes y las interrupciones de estos, de manera que mejore la calidad de vida de dicha población de féminas.

A descriptive and cross-sectional study of the adolescents under prenatal screening visits, and/or interruption of pregnancy, was carried out in Santiago de Cuba, during the five year period 2007-2011, aimed at characterizing them according to age groups, methods and interruption procedures for pregnancy, and also to determine the reason why the prenatal visit and pregnancy interruption occurred, as well as why prenatal visit and artificial abortion took place. The results showed that the most used method to interrupt pregnancy was the menstrual regulation, with a declining tendency to use it; meanwhile an increase of the artificial abortion and the number of pregnancies was observed, with a higher number of interruptions compared to the prenatal visits. It was recommended to increase the educational work on sexual and reproductive health in the youth and their relatives, so as to decrease the quantity of pregnancies in the adolescents and their interruptions, so that the life quality of this female population improves.

Mortalidad por causas violentas en hombres de la provincia de Santiago de Cuba durante 2011 / Mortality from violence in men of Santiago de Cuba province during 2011

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal en la provincia de Santiago de Cuba, con vistas a determinar la mortalidad masculina por causas violentas, según algunas conductas (accidentes, suicidios y homicidios), durante el año 2011, para lo cual se obtuvo la información del Departamento Provincial de Estadísticas y de los registros computarizados de mortalidad por tales causas. Entre los resultados sobresalió el incremento de las muertes violentas por la accidentabilidad, con predominio de los varones y las edades tempranas de la vida; de igual forma, el sexo masculino conformó el grupo de mayor riesgo, por ser el más vulnerable a estas muertes, en las que se emplearon métodos cada vez más duros, con un marcado aumento de la mortalidad prematura y los años de vida potencialmente perdidos. Finalmente, se recomendó trazar estrategias de intervención en grupos de varones con riesgo de incurrir en los mencionados procederes, fundamentalmente en edades jóvenes, a fin de reducir en ellos el peligro de morir y extender sus años de vida socialmente útiles(AU)

A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in Santiago de Cuba province in order to determine the male mortality from violence according to some behaviors (accidents, suicides and homicides) during 2011, for which the information was obtained from the Provincial Statistical Department and computerized records of mortality due to such causes. Among the results the increment of violent deaths by accidents, with a predominance of males and the early ages of life, was remarkable; also, male sex constituted the highest risk group, being the most vulnerable to these deaths, in which increasingly aggressive methods were used, with a marked increase of premature mortality and years of life potentially lost. Finally, it was recommended to devise intervention strategies in groups of men with risk for these behaviors, mainly at younger ages, in order to reduce the risk of dying and to extend their socially useful years of life(AU)

Mortalidad por causas violentas en hombres de la provincia de Santiago de Cuba durante 2011 / Mortality from violence in men of Santiago de Cuba province during 2011

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal en la provincia de Santiago de Cuba, con vistas a determinar la mortalidad masculina por causas violentas, según algunas conductas (accidentes, suicidios y homicidios), durante el año 2011, para lo cual se obtuvo la información del Departamento Provincial de Estadísticas y de los registros computarizados de mortalidad por tales causas. Entre los resultados sobresalió el incremento de las muertes violentas por la accidentabilidad, con predominio de los varones y las edades tempranas de la vida; de igual forma, el sexo masculino conformó el grupo de mayor riesgo, por ser el más vulnerable a estas muertes, en las que se emplearon métodos cada vez más duros, con un marcado aumento de la mortalidad prematura y los años de vida potencialmente perdidos. Finalmente, se recomendó trazar estrategias de intervención en grupos de varones con riesgo de incurrir en los mencionados procederes, fundamentalmente en edades jóvenes, a fin de reducir en ellos el peligro de morir y extender sus años de vida socialmente útiles.

A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in Santiago de Cuba province in order to determine the male mortality from violence according to some behaviors (accidents, suicides and homicides) during 2011, for which the information was obtained from the Provincial Statistical Department and computerized records of mortality due to such causes. Among the results the increment of violent deaths by accidents, with a predominance of males and the early ages of life, was remarkable; also, male sex constituted the highest risk group, being the most vulnerable to these deaths, in which increasingly aggressive methods were used, with a marked increase of premature mortality and years of life potentially lost. Finally, it was recommended to devise intervention strategies in groups of men with risk for these behaviors, mainly at younger ages, in order to reduce the risk of dying and to extend their socially useful years of life.

Factors associated with early virological response to peginterferon-α-2a/ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C.

AIM: To evaluate the impact of sociodemographic/clinical factors on early virological response (EVR) to peginterferon/ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in clinical practice. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, cross-sectional, observational study in Hepatology Units of 91 Spanish hospitals. CHC patients treated with peginterferon α-2a plus ribavirin were included. EVR was defined as undetectable hepatitis C virus (HCV)-ribonucleic acid (RNA) or ≥ 2 log HCV-RNA decrease after 12 wk of treatment. A bivariate analysis of sociodemographic and clinical variables associated with EVR was carried out. Independent factors associated with an EVR were analyzed using a multiple regression analysis that included the following baseline demographic and clinical variables: age (≤ 40 years vs > 40 years), gender, race, educational level, marital status and family status, weight, alcohol and tobacco consumption, source of HCV infection, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) (≤ 85 IU/mL vs > 85 IU/mL), serum ferritin, serum HCV-RNA concentration (< 400,000 vs ≥ 400,000), genotype (1/4 vs 3/4), cirrhotic status and ribavirin dose (800/1000/1200 mg/d). RESULTS: A total of 1014 patients were included in the study. Mean age of the patients was 44.3 ± 9.8 years, 70% were male, and 97% were Caucasian. The main sources of HCV infection were intravenous drug abuse (25%) and blood transfusion (23%). Seventy-eight percent were infected with HCV genotype 1/4 (68% had genotype 1) and 22% with genotypes 2/3. The HCV-RNA level was > 400 000 IU/mL in 74% of patients. The mean ALT and AST levels were 88.4 ± 69.7 IU/mL and 73.9 ± 64.4 IU/mL, respectively, and mean GGT level was 82 ± 91.6 IU/mL. The mean ferritin level was 266 ± 284.8 µg/L. Only 6.2% of patients presented with cirrhosis. All patients received 180 mg of peginterferon α-2a. The most frequently used ribavirin doses were 1000 mg/d (41%) and 1200 mg/d (41%). The planned treatment duration was 48 wk for 92% of patients with genotype 2/3 and 24 wk for 97% of those with genotype 1/4 (P < 0.001). Seven percent of patients experienced at least one reduction in ribavirin or peginterferon α-2a dose, respectively. Only 2% of patients required a dose reduction of both drugs. Treatment was continued until week 12 in 99% of patients. Treatment compliance was ≥ 80% in 98% of patients. EVR was achieved in 87% of cases (96% vs 83% of patients with genotype 2/3 and 1/4, respectively; P < 0.001). The bivariate analysis showed that patients who failed to achieve EVR were older (P < 0.005), had higher ALT (P < 0.05), AST (P < 0.05), GGT (P < 0.001) and ferritin levels (P < 0.001), a diagnosis of cirrhosis (P < 0.001), and a higher baseline viral load (P < 0.05) than patients reaching an EVR. Age < 40 years [odds ratios (OR): 0.543, 95%CI: 0.373-0.790, P < 0.01], GGT < 85 IU/mL (OR: 3.301, 95%CI: 0.192-0.471, P < 0.001), low ferritin levels (OR: 0.999, 95%CI: 0.998-0.999, P < 0.01) and genotype other than 1/4 (OR: 4.716, 95%CI: 2.010-11.063, P < 0.001) were identified as independent predictors for EVR in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: CHC patients treated with peginterferon-α-2a/ribavirin in clinical practice show high EVR. Older age, genotype 1/4, and high GGT were associated with lack of EVR.

Safety and efficacy of treatment with pegylated interferon alpha-2a with ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C genotype 4.

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype is an important predictive outcome parameter for pegylated interferon plus ribavirin therapy. Most published therapeutic trials to date have enrolled mainly patients with HCV genotypes 1, 2 and 3. Limited studies have focused on genotype 4 patients, who have had a poor representation in pivotal trials. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of treatment with standard dose pegylated interferon alfa-2a in combination with weight-based ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 4. In this prospective observational study, 198 patients with HCV-4 were included in this study from February 2004 to August 2005,188 patients who received at least 1 dose of drugs were included in the ITT analysis and they were treated with pegylated interferon alfa-2a and ribavirin for 48 weeks. Baseline and demographic characteristics, response to treatment at weeks 12, 48 and 72, and the nature and frequency of adverse effects were analyzed. Virological response at week 12 was achieved in 144 patients (76.6%). Virological response at the end of treatment was present in 110 patients (58.5%). At week 72, 99 patients presented SVR (52.7%). The reported adverse events were similar to those found in the literature for treatments of similar dose and duration. In conclusion, combined treatment with pegylated interferon alfa-2a and ribavirin was well tolerated and effective in chronic hepatitis C genotype 4, yielding response rates between those reported for genotype 1 and those of genotypes 2-3.

Segundo Encuentro de Dialogando con los Autores Dr Antonio María Béguez César in memoriam / Second Meeting of Talking to the Authors Dr Antonio Maria Béguez Cesar in memoriam

Organizado por las filiales de la Asociación Cubana de Bibliotecarios y la Sociedad Cubana de Ciencias de la Información, en la 21 edición de la Feria Internacional del Libro y coincidiendo con el 117 aniversario del natalicio del Padre de la Pediatría en las provincias orientales, se celebró el pasado 2 de marzo en MEGACEN, Santiago de Cuba, el II Encuentro de Dialogando con los autores Dr Antonio María Béguez César in memoriam, en esta oportunidad dedicado al Dr C Enrique Antonio González Corona, Profesor de Mérito de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba y Miembro de Honor de la Sociedad Cubana de Pediatría, así como a la Lic María Elena Jiménez Arias, fundadora del Centro Provincial de Información de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba y de la revista científica MEDISAN. En el III Encuentro, a celebrarse en 2013, serán homenajeados los ilustres autores santiagueros, fundadores del Centro de Lingüística Aplicada: el Dr C en Ciencias Filológicas Vitelio Ruiz Hernández y la Doctora Honoris Causa de la Universidad de Oriente Eloína Miyares Bermúdez, acreedores del título honorífico de Héroes del Trabajo de la República de Cuba, único matrimonio en Cuba que ostenta esa distinción(AU)

Organized by the branches of the Cuban Association of Librarians and the Cuban Society of Information Sciences, at the 21st edition of the International Book Fair to coincide with the 117th anniversary of the birthday of Father of Pediatrics in the eastern provinces, the Second Meeting of Talking to the Authors Dr Antonio María Béguez Cesar in memoriam was held on March 2 at MEGACEN, Santiago de Cuba; this time dedicated to DSc Enrique Antonio González Corona, Professor of Merit of the Medical University of Santiago de Cuba and Honorary Member of the Cuban Society of Pediatrics, as well as to the Lic María Elena Jiménez Arias, founder of the Provincial Center of Medical Information of Santiago de Cuba and of MEDISAN scientific journal. In the Third Meeting to take place in 2013, the illustrious Santiago authors, founders of the Center for Applied Linguistics, DSc in Philological Sciences Vitelio Ruiz Hernández and Honorary Doctor of Oriente University Eloína Miyares Bermúdez will be honored, both worthy of the honorary title of Labor Heroes of the Republic of Cuba, the only marriage in Cuba that holds the distinction(AU)

Peginterferon alpha-2a and ribavirin in patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection with persistently normal alanine aminotransferase levels.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of peginterferon α-2a plus ribavirin at standard doses in patients with hepatitis C virus (HVC) genotype 1 infection with persistently normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. METHODS: Patients aged 18 to 65 years were included in this observational, prospective study if they had evidence of a HCV genotype 1 infection. The serum HCV RNA concentration was determined at baseline and week 12. A qualitative HCV RNA test was performed at baseline and at weeks 48 and 72. Liver function tests were performed at each study visit. The primary efficacy measure was the sustained virological response in the intention-to-treat population. Logistic regression analyses were also performed to explore predictors of virological response. RESULTS: A sustained virological response was observed in 100 of the 175 patients (57%). An early virological response and end-of-treatment response were seen in 159 patients (91%) and 133 patients (76%), respectively. Thirty-seven of the 122 evaluable patients for this outcome (30%) showed a rapid virological response. A higher viral load was a significant predictor for a lack of rapid virological response and lack of sustained virological response. There were not any unexpected safety or tolerability findings. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that the efficacy of the combination of peginterferon α-2a and ribavirin in patients with HCV genotype 1 infection and normal ALT levels is at least similar to that reported in patients with elevated ALT levels.

Eficacia de la lidocaína para el control de la respuesta refleja durante la ejecución de laringoscopia e intubación endotraqueal / Effectiveness of the lidocaine for control of the reflex response during laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation

Se realizó un estudio de intervención farmacológica, de corte transversal, con vistas a evaluar la eficacia de la lidocaína para el control de la respuesta refleja asociada a la ejecución de laringoscopia e intubación endotraqueal en una muestra de 100 pacientes operados con anestesia general en el Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico Docente Dr Ambrosio Grillo Portuondo de Santiago de Cuba, desde julio de 2010 hasta mayo de 2011, previo a lo cual fueron asignados a los grupos 1 y 2, con 50 integrantes cada uno: a los primeros se administró lidocaína en bolo (1,5 mg/kg), 2 minutos antes de iniciar la laringoscopia y a los segundos no. Si bien los resultados en cuanto al control de las cifras tensionales durante el examen de la laringe y la intubación endotraqueal fueron mejores cuando se usó el mencionado anestésico, en cambio la elevación de la frecuencia cardíaca y las imágenes de alteraciones electrocardiográficas se presentaron más comúnmente en quienes no se empleó ese fármaco(AU)

A cross-sectional study of pharmacological intervention was carried out in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the lidocaine for control of the reflex response associated with the laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation in a sample of 100 patients operated under general anesthesia in Dr Ambrosio Grillo Portuondo Teaching Clinical and Surgical Hospital in Santiago de Cuba from July 2010 to May 2011, prior to which they were assigned to groups 1 and 2 with 50 patients each: the former were administered a lidocaine bolus (1,5 mg/kg) 2 minutes before beginning the laryngoscopy, but the latter were not. While the results of blood pressure control during the examination of the larynx and endotracheal intubation were better when using this anesthetic, whereas the elevated heart rate and abnormal electrocardiographic images were more common in whom this drug was not used(AU)

Eficacia de la lidocaína para el control de la respuesta refleja durante la ejecución de laringoscopia e intubación endotraqueal / Effectiveness of the lidocaine for control of the reflex response during laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation

Se realizó un estudio de intervención farmacológica, de corte transversal, con vistas a evaluar la eficacia de la lidocaína para el control de la respuesta refleja asociada a la ejecución de laringoscopia e intubación endotraqueal en una muestra de 100 pacientes operados con anestesia general en el Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico Docente Dr Ambrosio Grillo Portuondo de Santiago de Cuba, desde julio de 2010 hasta mayo de 2011, previo a lo cual fueron asignados a los grupos 1 y 2, con 50 integrantes cada uno: a los primeros se administró lidocaína en bolo (1,5 mg/kg), 2 minutos antes de iniciar la laringoscopia y a los segundos no. Si bien los resultados en cuanto al control de las cifras tensionales durante el examen de la laringe y la intubación endotraqueal fueron mejores cuando se usó el mencionado anestésico, en cambio la elevación de la frecuencia cardíaca y las imágenes de alteraciones electrocardiográficas se presentaron más comúnmente en quienes no se empleó ese fármaco.

A cross-sectional study of pharmacological intervention was carried out in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the lidocaine for control of the reflex response associated with the laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation in a sample of 100 patients operated under general anesthesia in Dr Ambrosio Grillo Portuondo Teaching Clinical and Surgical Hospital in Santiago de Cuba from July 2010 to May 2011, prior to which they were assigned to groups 1 and 2 with 50 patients each: the former were administered a lidocaine bolus (1,5 mg/kg) 2 minutes before beginning the laryngoscopy, but the latter were not. While the results of blood pressure control during the examination of the larynx and endotracheal intubation were better when using this anesthetic, whereas the elevated heart rate and abnormal electrocardiographic images were more common in whom this drug was not used.

La formación de valores en tecnólogos de la salud / Values formation in health technologists

El artículo trata sobre la formación de valores en los estudiantes de todos los perfiles de segundo año de la Facultad de Tecnología de la Salud, del Instituto Superior de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba, mediante un plan de acciones y actividades docentes, que les permitan estar en mejores condiciones de asumir con responsabilidad los nuevos valores personales que se impone incorporar, formar y perfeccionar(AU)

The article deals on the values formation in the students from all specialities of second year studying in the Health Technology Faculty, of the Medical University in Santiago de Cuba, by means of an action plan and teaching activities that allow them to be under conditions of facing with responsibility the new personal values that they should incorporate, create and improve, to become better people in their social condition(AU)

La formación de valores en tecnólogos de la salud / Values formation in health technologists

El artículo trata sobre la formación de valores en los estudiantes de todos los perfiles de segundo año de la Facultad de Tecnología de la Salud, del Instituto Superior de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba, mediante un plan de acciones y actividades docentes, que les permitan estar en mejores condiciones de asumir con responsabilidad los nuevos valores personales que se impone incorporar, formar y perfeccionar.

The article deals on the values formation in the students from all specialities of second year studying in the Health Technology Faculty, of the Medical University in Santiago de Cuba, by means of an action plan and teaching activities that allow them to be under conditions of facing with responsibility the new personal values that they should incorporate, create and improve, to become better people in their social condition.

Libros y monografías en el portal Infomed de Santiago de Cuba / Books and monographs in Infomed portal from Santiago de Cuba

En el artículo científico, además de mencionarse los autores y títulos de los 29 libros y monografías disponibles en el portal Infomed de Santiago de Cuba, estos se identifican gráficamente por medio de sus cubiertas y con las direcciones electrónicas para acceder a la consulta de cada ejemplar. Su procedimiento en pdf data de 2004 y todas las obras se refieren a determinado tema sobre prevención de enfermedades, medidas sanitarias y calidad de vida en sentido general. Puede accederse libremente a su contenido a través del sitio http://www.scu.sld.cu/_libros.php(AU)

In this scientific work, besides mentioning the authors and titles of the 29 books and monographs available in Infomed portal from Santiago de Cuba, they are graphically identified by means of their covers, and through their electronic mail addresses access may be obtained for each of them. Its processing in pdf dates from 2004 and all the works refer to certain topic on prevention of illnesses, sanitary measures and life quality in a general sense. It can be freely acceded through: http://www.scu.sld.cu/_libros.php(AU)

Libros y monografías en el portal Infomed de Santiago de Cuba / Books and monographs in Infomed portal from Santiago de Cuba

En el artículo científico, además de mencionarse los autores y títulos de los 29 libros y monografías disponibles en el portal Infomed de Santiago de Cuba, estos se identifican gráficamente por medio de sus cubiertas y con las direcciones electrónicas para acceder a la consulta de cada ejemplar. Su procedimiento en pdf data de 2004 y todas las obras se refieren a determinado tema sobre prevención de enfermedades, medidas sanitarias y calidad de vida en sentido general. Puede accederse libremente a su contenido a través del sitio http://www.scu.sld.cu/_libros.php.

In this scientific work, besides mentioning the authors and titles of the 29 books and monographs available in Infomed portal from Santiago de Cuba, they are graphically identified by means of their covers, and through their electronic mail addresses access may be obtained for each of them. Its processing in pdf dates from 2004 and all the works refer to certain topic on prevention of illnesses, sanitary measures and life quality in a general sense. It can be freely acceded through: http://www.scu.sld.cu/_libros.php(.