ABSTRACT
Staphylococcus aureus is an important etiological agent that causes skin infections, and has the propensity to form biofilms, leading to significant mortality and morbidity in patients with wounds. Mucus secretion from the Giant African snail Achatina fulica is a potential source of biologically active substances that might be an important source for new drugs to treat resistant and biofilm-forming bacteria such as S. aureus. This study evaluated the effect of semi-purified fractions from the mucus secretion of A. fulica on the growth, biofilm formation and virulence factors of S. aureus. Two fractions: FMA30 (Mw >30 kDa) and FME30 (Mw 30-10 kDa) exhibited antimicrobial activity against S. aureus with a MIC50 of 25 and 125 µg/mL, respectively. An inhibition of biofilm formation higher than 80% was observed at 9 µg/mL with FMA30 and 120 µg/mL with FME30. Furthermore, inhibition of hemolytic and protease activity was determined using a concentration of MIC20, and FME30 showed a strong inhibitory effect in the formation of clots. We report for the first time the effect of semi-purified fractions of mucus secretion of A. fulica on biofilm formation and activity of virulence factors such as α-hemolysin, coagulase and proteases produced by S. aureus strains.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Realizar un metaanálisis de experimentos clínicos controlados comparando tasasde respuesta en remisión completa y parcial, además de efectos secundarios entre micofenolato(MF) y tacrolimus comparado con ciclofosfamida (CY), para el manejo de nefritislúpica.Materiales y métodos: Se identificaron experimentos clínicos a través de bases de datos deMEDLINE usando buscadores de PubMed, OVID y de Cochrane, LILACS, EMBASE, Academiade Medicina de Nueva York y resúmenes de congresos del ACR, EULAR, GLADEL. Los datosfueron extraídos independientemente por 2 revisores.Resultados: Para la comparación MF vs. CY se obtuvieron 9 experimentos clínicos, para untotal de 812 pacientes, evidenciando que MF tiene similar eficacia que CY en términos deremisión completa y parcial. No hubo diferencia en síntomas gastrointestinales, leucopeniani en muertes. Hay menor riesgo de irregularidades menstruales (RR: 0,38; IC del 95%: 0,20-0,73), infecciones (RR: 0,64; IC del 95%: 0,45-0,91) y menor riesgo de alopecia, (RR: 0,25; ICdel 95%: 0,16-0,38) en el grupo de MF. Para la comparación tacrolimus vs. CY, se obtuvieron3 experimentos clínicos, para un total de 146 pacientes, evidenciando que tacrolimus tienesimilar eficacia que CY en remisión completa y parcial; en el desenlace respuesta (remisióncompleta + parcial) se evidencia mayor beneficio de tacrolimus sobre CY (RR: 1,21; IC del 95%:1,02-1,45). No hubo diferencia en toxicidad entre tacrolimus y CY.Conclusiones: MF,tacrolimus y CY tienen similares tasas de remisión; sin embargo, hay mayorbeneficio en respuesta al comparar tacrolimus vs. CY. Comparando MF con CY hay menorriesgo de irregularidades menstruales, infecciones y alopecia...
ObjectiveTo perform a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials to compare response rates of complete response and partial remission rates, as well as the adverse effects of immunosuppressive treatments, such as mycophenolate (MF) and tacrolimus, compared with cyclophosphamide (CY), for the management of lupus nephritis.Materials and methodsClinical trials were identified through MEDLINE database using PubMed, OVID and Cochrane search engines, LILACS, EMBASE, New York Academy of Medicine and conference proceedings from the ACR, EULAR, and GLADEL. Data were extracted independently by 2 reviewers.ResultsFor the comparison between MF and CY, 9 clinical trials were obtained, with a total of 812 patients, showing that MF has similar efficacy with CY in terms of complete and partial remission. There was no significant difference in gastrointestinal symptoms, leukopenia or deaths. There is less risk of menstrual abnormalities (RR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.20-0.73), infections (RR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.45-0.91) and less risk of hair loss (RR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.16-0.38) in the MF group. For the comparison between tacrolimus and CY, 3 clinical trials were obtained, with a total 146 patients, showing that tacrolimus and CY have similar efficacy in complete and partial remission. In the outcome response (complete and partial remission), it was found that tacrolimus had a greater benefit than CY (RR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.02-1.45). There was no significant difference in terms of toxicity between tacrolimus and CY.ConclusionsPatients treated with MF, tacrolimus and CY have similar rates of remission; however there is greater benefit in outcome response when comparing tacrolimus and CY. Comparing MF with CY showed a lower risk of menstrual abnormalities and reduced risk of alopecia...
