ABSTRACT
For the first time, this study analyses the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota of Isostichopus badionotus in captivity, using high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing, and predicts the metagenomic functions of the microbiota. The results revealed a different composition of the gut microbiota for the foregut (FG) and midgut (MG) compared to the hindgut (HG), with a predominance of Proteobacteria, followed by Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes. The FG and MG demonstrated a greater bacterial diversity compared to the HG. In addition, a complex network of interactions was observed at the genus level and identified some strains with probiotic and bioremediation potentials, such as Acinetobacter, Ruegeria, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Aeromonas, Rhodopseudomonas, Agarivorans, Bacillus, Enterococcus, Micrococcus, Bifidobacterium, and Shewanella. Predicting metabolic pathways revealed that the bacterial composition in each section of the intestine participates in different physiological processes such as metabolism, genetic and environmental information processing, organismal systems, and cellular processes. Understanding and manipulating microbe--host-environment interactions and their associated functional capacity could substantially contribute to achieving more sustainable aquaculture systems for I. badionotus.
Subject(s)
Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Sea Cucumbers , Animals , Firmicutes/genetics , Gastrointestinal Tract , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/geneticsABSTRACT
In this study, we report molecular and metabolic responses of Sciaenops ocellatus during an acute oil exposure bioassay (100, 800 and 8000 mg 1-1 of crude oil). The global DNA methylation and expression profiles of key genes of the xenobiotic biotransformation system (cytochrome P450 1A [cyp1a] and glutathione S-tranferase [gst]), oxidative stress system (glutathione peroxidase [gpx], catalase [cat], aldehyde dehydrogenase [aldh]) and reproductive system (vitellogenin [vtg]) were evaluated. At the metabolic level, we evaluated the concentration of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites -hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene, hydroxypyrene, hydroxynaphthalene and hydroxyphenanthrene- in fish bile. The results of this study revealed that fish exposed to crude oil exhibited hypomethylation of DNA, up-regulation of cyp1a and gst and down-regulation of gpx, cat, aldh and vtg and high concentrations of PAH metabolites with respect to the control.
Subject(s)
Perciformes , Petroleum , Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons , Water Pollutants, Chemical , Animals , Epigenesis, Genetic , Petroleum/toxicity , Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/toxicity , Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicityABSTRACT
La lesión tisular provoca dos tipos de respuesta inflamatoria: una local, cuya finalidad es el restablecimiento del bienestar tisular y otra, en la que existe ampliación o generalización de la inflamación ; con el compromiso de múltiples órganos. Se presenta el caso de un hombre joven, mestizo, agricultor procedente del área rural de Mitú (Vaupés) quien padeció de una picadura de avispa en la extremidad inferior derecha. Recibió tratamiento con varios fármacos como analgésicos, antieméticos y antibióticos, desarrollando fiebre, disnea, enantema, lesiones cutáneas en diana y disfunción multiorgánica. La histopatología fue acorde con toxidermia medicamentosa. El paciente recibió soporte hemodinámico y ventilatorio recuperándose plenamente
