Subject(s)
Humans , Pharmacology , Psychiatry , Psychopharmacology/ethics , Psychotropic Drugs/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Medical education has incorporated psychiatric or mental health components more consistently during the last decades thanks to various factors such as: advances in neurobiological research; the increasing prevalence of mental disorders in global health; the increasingly close relationship between mental health and public health; comorbidities with medical conditions and the impact of sociocultural phenomena in clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and prevention. Based on acquisition of core competencies and ethical principles of universal acceptance, the teaching process examined in this article proposes an education based on the provision of clinical experiences integrated throughout the collection of adequate information, the development of diagnostic capabilities, and exposure to a wide variety of forms of academic assessment of students and residents in training. The cultural components of psychiatric education receive special mention; we provide examples of their systematic integration with the acquisition of general skills. The teaching tools include theoretical and applied activities and supervision. Particular attention is paid to how the principles of modern psychiatric medical education, including cultural aspects and practice of holistic health care objectives, can and should be in effect in Latin American countries.
Subject(s)
Cultural Competency/education , Education, Medical , Psychiatry/education , Latin AmericaABSTRACT
La educación médica ha incorporado un componente psiquiátrico, o de salud mental, de manera más consistente en el curso de las últimas décadas, merced a factores tan variados como los avances de la investigación neurobiológica, la creciente prevalencia de trastornos mentales en el escenario de la salud global, la cada vez más estrecha relación entre salud mental y salud pública, comorbilidades con cuadros médicos e impacto de fenómenos socioculturales en expresiones clínicas, diagnóstico, tratamiento, pronóstico y prevención. Basado en la adquisición de competencias nucleares y principios éticos de aceptación universal, el proceso docente examinado en este artículo postula una enseñanza sustentada en la provisión de experiencias clínicas integradas a través del acopio de información adecuada, el desarrollo de capacidades diagnósticas y sujeción a una amplia variedad de modalidades de evaluación académica de estudiantes y residentes en entrenamiento. Los componentes culturales de la educación psiquiátrica reciben mención especial, proveyéndose ejemplos de su sistemática integración con la adquisición de competencias generales. Las herramientas didácticas incluyen actividades teóricas, prácticas y de supervisión. Se presta particular atención a cómo los postulados de la moderna educación médico psiquiátrica, incluidos sus aspectos culturales y la práctica de una atención médica integral como objetivos, pueden y deben tener vigencia en los países latinoamericanos...
Medical education has incorporated psychiatric or mental health components more consistently during the last decades thanks to various factors such as: advances in neurobiological research; the increasing prevalence of mental disorders in global health; the increasingly close relationship between mental health and public health; comorbidities with medical conditions and the impact of sociocultural phenomena in clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and prevention. Based on acquisition of core competencies and ethical principles of universal acceptance, the teaching process examined in this article proposes an education based on the provision of clinical experiences integrated throughout the collection of adequate information, the development of diagnostic capabilities, and exposure to a wide variety of forms of academic assessment of students and residents in training. The cultural components of psychiatric education receive special mention; we provide examples of their systematic integration with the acquisition of general skills. The teaching tools include theoretical and applied activities and supervision. Particular attention is paid to how the principles of modern psychiatric medical education, including cultural aspects and practice of holistic health care objectives, can and should be in effect in Latin American countries...
Subject(s)
Humans , Culture , Competency-Based Education , Education, Medical , Psychiatry/education , Mental Health , Latin AmericaABSTRACT
Neuroscientific knowledge have enter to psychiatry in a new era, however, new technology for viewing images, brain function, psychopharmacology, non-invasive methodology requires an ethical approach, framed in the bioethical environment. The field of neuroethics has evolved to address many of the specific concerns and what neuroenhancement and neuroimaging provide us, is necessary to extend the scope of ethical things to consider the clinical implications for the psychiatric work.
Subject(s)
Neurosciences/ethics , Psychiatry/ethics , Bioethical IssuesABSTRACT
Neuroscientific knowledge have enter to psychiatry in a new era, however, new technology for viewing images, brain function, psychopharmacology, non-invasive methodology requires an ethical approach, framed in the bioethical environment. The field of neuroethics has evolved to address many of the specific concerns and what neuroenhancement and neuroimaging provide us, is necessary to extend the scope of ethical things to consider the clinical implications for the psychiatric work.
Subject(s)
Neurosciences/ethics , Psychiatry/ethics , Bioethical IssuesABSTRACT
Neuroscientific knowledge have enter to psychiatry in a new era, however, new technology for viewing images, brain function, psychopharmacology, non-invasive methodology requires an ethical approach, framed in the bioethical environment. The field of neuroethics has evolved to address many of the specific concerns and what neuroenhancement and neuroimaging provide us, is necessary to extend the scope of ethical things to consider the clinical implications for the psychiatric work.
Subject(s)
Neurosciences/ethics , Psychiatry/ethics , Bioethical IssuesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To determine the level of knowledge about depressive disorders including their treatment, comorbidities and suicide potential among a number of general practitioners who agreed to fill out a questionnaire and provided information about their professional activities. METHOD: Exploratory cross-sectional study among a number of general practitioners who answered voluntarily and anonymously to a questionnaire consisting of twelve questions. Data collected from 288 physicians were analyzed. RESULTS: The majority of physicians (97.6%, n=281) considered that depression was a disease, but 39.6% (n=114) believed that it was caused by lack of will power or characterological weaknesses, which create a dissonance with the concept of disease. They also felt that they did not have enough knowledge about Depressive Disorders such as their origins, type of medications and length of treatment, comorbidities and suicide potential. CONCLUSIONS: The results point to the need for continuous medical education about Depressive Disorders among general practitioners.
Subject(s)
Clinical Competence , Depressive Disorder , General Practitioners , Argentina , Cross-Sectional Studies , Depressive Disorder/complications , Depressive Disorder/diagnosis , Depressive Disorder/therapy , Humans , Middle Aged , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Objetivos: determinar entre los médicos encuestados su especialidad, los años de ejercicio de la profesión, y averiguar el conocimiento que tengan sobre los trastornos depresivos incluyendo su tratamiento, comorbilidad y posibilidad del suicidio. Métodos: el estudio cualitativo se realizó con una entrevista semi-estructurada de doce preguntas, en forma voluntaria, administrada a médicos en actividad asistencial, efectuándose la entrega y recolección de la entrevista por personal entrenado previamente. Se analizaron los datos hallados en los 288 profesionales de distintas especialidades. Resultados: los hallazgos permiten decir que la mayoría de los médicos (97, 6 por ciento, n= 281) consideran que la depresión es una enfermedad, pero de ese total un 39,6 por ciento (n= 114) de ellos piensa que es por falta de voluntad o una debilidad, lo que crea una discordancia en el concepto de enfermedad. Estimaron cuáles son sus falencias frente a los Trastornos Depresivos, cómo y cuánto tiempo medican, su criterio respecto al origen de la misma, el suicidio y la comorbilidad. Conclusiones: los datos encontrados entre los médicos que respondieron el cuestionario permiten deducir que es necesaria la intensificación de los programas de actualización sobre Trastornos Depresivos.
Objectives: To determine the level of knowledge about depressive disorders including their treatment, comorbidities and suicide potential among a number of general practitioners who agreed to fill out a questionnaire and provided information about their professional activities. Method: Exploratory cross-sectional study among a number of general practitioners who answered voluntarily and anonymously to a questionnaire consisting of twelve questions. Data collected from 288 physicians were analyzed. Results: The majority of physicians (97.6 percent, n=281) considered that depression was a disease, but 39.6 percent (n=114) believed that it was caused by lack of will power or characterological weaknesses, which create a dissonance with the concept of disease. They also felt that they did not have enough knowledge .about Depressive Disorders such as their origins, type of medications and length of treatment, comorbidities and suicide potential. Conclusions: The results point to the need for continuous medical education about Depressive Disorders among general practitioners.
Subject(s)
Humans , Surveys and Questionnaires , Education, Medical/trends , Depressive Disorder , ArgentinaABSTRACT
Objetivos: determinar entre los médicos encuestados su especialidad, los años de ejercicio de la profesión, y averiguar el conocimiento que tengan sobre los trastornos depresivos incluyendo su tratamiento, comorbilidad y posibilidad del suicidio. Métodos: el estudio cualitativo se realizó con una entrevista semi-estructurada de doce preguntas, en forma voluntaria, administrada a médicos en actividad asistencial, efectuándose la entrega y recolección de la entrevista por personal entrenado previamente. Se analizaron los datos hallados en los 288 profesionales de distintas especialidades. Resultados: los hallazgos permiten decir que la mayoría de los médicos (97, 6 por ciento, n= 281) consideran que la depresión es una enfermedad, pero de ese total un 39,6 por ciento (n= 114) de ellos piensa que es por falta de voluntad o una debilidad, lo que crea una discordancia en el concepto de enfermedad. Estimaron cuáles son sus falencias frente a los Trastornos Depresivos, cómo y cuánto tiempo medican, su criterio respecto al origen de la misma, el suicidio y la comorbilidad. Conclusiones: los datos encontrados entre los médicos que respondieron el cuestionario permiten deducir que es necesaria la intensificación de los programas de actualización sobre Trastornos Depresivos.(AU)
Objectives: To determine the level of knowledge about depressive disorders including their treatment, comorbidities and suicide potential among a number of general practitioners who agreed to fill out a questionnaire and provided information about their professional activities. Method: Exploratory cross-sectional study among a number of general practitioners who answered voluntarily and anonymously to a questionnaire consisting of twelve questions. Data collected from 288 physicians were analyzed. Results: The majority of physicians (97.6 percent, n=281) considered that depression was a disease, but 39.6 percent (n=114) believed that it was caused by lack of will power or characterological weaknesses, which create a dissonance with the concept of disease. They also felt that they did not have enough knowledge .about Depressive Disorders such as their origins, type of medications and length of treatment, comorbidities and suicide potential. Conclusions: The results point to the need for continuous medical education about Depressive Disorders among general practitioners.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Depressive Disorder , Education, Medical/trends , Surveys and Questionnaires , ArgentinaABSTRACT
Contenido: La depresión en la vida moderna. Historia de la depresión. ¿Qué es un trastorno depresivo?. ¿Cuántas personas con trastorno depresivo habrá?. ¿Hay una sola forma de depresión?. La depresión, ¿es sola o puede haber otro trastorno?. ¿Se conocen las causas orgánicas que provocan el trastorno depresivo?. ¿Siempre es la misma depresión?. ¿Cuáles son las características de las depresiones?. ¿Con qué enfermedades hay que hacer el diagnóstico diferencial?. ¿Cuáles son los tratamientos aconsejados?...
Subject(s)
Depression , Mental HealthABSTRACT
Contenido: La depresión en la vida moderna. Historia de la depresión. ¿Qué es un trastorno depresivo?. ¿Cuántas personas con trastorno depresivo habrá?. ¿Hay una sola forma de depresión?. La depresión, ¿es sola o puede haber otro trastorno?. ¿Se conocen las causas orgánicas que provocan el trastorno depresivo?. ¿Siempre es la misma depresión?. ¿Cuáles son las características de las depresiones?. ¿Con qué enfermedades hay que hacer el diagnóstico diferencial?. ¿Cuáles son los tratamientos aconsejados?...(AU)
Subject(s)
Mental Health , DepressionABSTRACT
Frequently Major Depressive Episodes in patients with psychotic features are not obvious as in other patients with psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia, that makes difficult to carry out the diagnosis. The results (n= 48) show bigger occurrence of depressed mood, somatic symptoms and decreased motor activity (HAM-D), and show differences in depression when the corporal disorder take characteristic predominant. Psychotic symptoms was suspiciousness and unusual thought content (BPRS). Both gender had characteristic symptoms, women: depression and somatic symptoms, male: (retardation) slow in work and activities, that take to the slowness. It is convenient to have present the consigned symptoms, that could collaborate in the differential diagnosis.
Subject(s)
Depressive Disorder, Major/diagnosis , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
Rates of medication nonadherence among outpatients with schizophrenia have been found to approach 50% during the first year after hospital discharge. Poor adherence with antipsychotic medications increases the risk of relapse. Nonadherent patients have an average risk of relapse that is 3.7 times greater than that of adherent patients. Studies results have demonstrated a rate of rejection to one year of 40% to 50%. These percentages are increased to 75% when the time is more than a year of the beginning treatment. Outpatients with schizophrenia who form strong alliances with their therapists seem to be more likely to comply with prescribed medications than patients who form weaker alliances. The significant progresses in the treatments with drugs can be possible, through improving the profile of adverse effects, search of alternative routes of administration and global improvement of the effectiveness of the medication. The additional support services as those proportionate ones for programs of treatment of the community, the family therapy, community services and the general help with strategies of compliance, they have a clear paper and they improve the results.
Subject(s)
Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use , Schizophrenia/drug therapy , Humans , Patient Compliance/statistics & numerical data , Patient SatisfactionABSTRACT
Rates of medication nonadherence among outpatients with schizophrenia have been found to approach 50
during the first year after hospital discharge. Poor adherence with antipsychotic medications increases the risk of relapse. Nonadherent patients have an average risk of relapse that is 3.7 times greater than that of adherent patients. Studies results have demonstrated a rate of rejection to one year of 40
. These percentages are increased to 75
when the time is more than a year of the beginning treatment. Outpatients with schizophrenia who form strong alliances with their therapists seem to be more likely to comply with prescribed medications than patients who form weaker alliances. The significant progresses in the treatments with drugs can be possible, through improving the profile of adverse effects, search of alternative routes of administration and global improvement of the effectiveness of the medication. The additional support services as those proportionate ones for programs of treatment of the community, the family therapy, community services and the general help with strategies of compliance, they have a clear paper and they improve the results.
ABSTRACT
Rates of medication nonadherence among outpatients with schizophrenia have been found to approach 50
during the first year after hospital discharge. Poor adherence with antipsychotic medications increases the risk of relapse. Nonadherent patients have an average risk of relapse that is 3.7 times greater than that of adherent patients. Studies results have demonstrated a rate of rejection to one year of 40
to 50
. These percentages are increased to 75
when the time is more than a year of the beginning treatment. Outpatients with schizophrenia who form strong alliances with their therapists seem to be more likely to comply with prescribed medications than patients who form weaker alliances. The significant progresses in the treatments with drugs can be possible, through improving the profile of adverse effects, search of alternative routes of administration and global improvement of the effectiveness of the medication. The additional support services as those proportionate ones for programs of treatment of the community, the family therapy, community services and the general help with strategies of compliance, they have a clear paper and they improve the results.
