Experiencia con prótesis metálica autoexpandible con diseño específico para la dehiscencia de sutura tras gastrectomía tubular / Experience with a new self-expanding metal stent specifically designed for wound dehiscence after sleeve gastrectomy

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Management of primary achalasia: The role of endoscopy.

Achalasia is an oesophageal motor disorder which leads to the functional obstruction of the lower oesophageal sphincter (LES) and is currently incurable. The main objective of all existing therapies is to achieve a reduction in the obstruction of the distal oesophagus in order to improve oesophageal transit, relieve the symptomatology, and prevent long-term complications. The most common treatments used are pneumatic dilation (PD) and laparoscopic Heller myotomy, which involves partial fundoplication with comparable short-term success rates. The most economic non-surgical therapy is PD, with botulinum toxin injections reserved for patients with a higher surgical risk for whom the former treatment option is unsuitable. A new technology is peroral endoscopic myotomy, postulated as a possible non-invasive alternative to surgical myotomy. Other endoluminal treatments subject to research more recently include injecting ethanolamine into the LES and using a temporary self-expanding metallic stent. At present, there is not enough evidence permitting a routine recommendation of any of these three novel methods. Patients must undergo follow-up after treatment to guarantee that their symptoms are under control and to prevent complications. Most experts are in favour of some form of endoscopic follow-up, however no established guidelines exist in this respect. The prognosis for patients with achalasia is good, although a recurrence after treatment using any method requires new treatment.

Indications of capsule endoscopy in Crohn´s disease.

Capsule endoscopy currently plays a relevant role for Crohn´s disease. This manuscript will discuss the current indications and practical uses of capsule endoscopy in this disease. It is a non-invasive technique that represents a significant advance in the endoscopic diagnosis of small bowel conditions. These circumstances, together with its diagnostic yield and excellent tolerability, make it considerably acceptable by both patients and physicians. This paper discusses the current evidence on the specific circumstances where capsule endoscopy may be indicated for three specific scenarios: Suspected Crohn´s disease, indeterminate colitis, and established Crohn´s disease, where it plays an extensive role. Furthermore, the impact and implications of capsule endoscopy results for follow-up are reviewed. These recommendations must be interpreted and applied in the setting of the integral, individual management of these patients. Understanding its appropriate use in daily clinical practice and an analysis of results may define endoscopic scoring systems to assess activity and mucosal healing in this condition. The present role of capsule endoscopy for Crohn´s disease is subject to ongoing review, and appropriate usage uncovers novel applications likely to result in relevant changes for the future management of these patients.

Indicaciones de la cápsula endoscópica en la enfermedad de Crohn / Indications of capsule endoscopy in Crohn's disease

Actualmente la cápsula endoscópica tiene un papel relevante en la enfermedad de Crohn. Este manuscrito pretende dar a conocer las indicaciones y aplicaciones prácticas actuales de la cápsula endoscópica en esta enfermedad. Se trata de una técnica no invasiva que ha supuesto un importante avance en el diagnóstico endoscópico de las enfermedades del intestino delgado. Estas circunstancias, junto a su rendimiento diagnóstico y su excelente tolerancia, le confieren una considerable aceptación por parte del paciente y del médico. Este artículo expone la evidencia actual acerca las circunstancias específicas en las que se puede establecer la indicación de la cápsula endoscópica en tres escenarios concretos: en la sospecha de la enfermedad de Crohn, en las colitis sin clasificar y su extenso papel en la enfermedad de Crohn ya establecida. Así mismo, se revisan el impacto y la implicación de los resultados de la cápsula endoscópica en el seguimiento de esta enfermedad. Estas recomendaciones deben ser interpretadas y aplicadas en el contexto de un manejo integral e individual de estos pacientes. El conocimiento de su correcto uso en la práctica clínica diaria y el análisis de sus resultados podrían dar lugar a la definición de sistemas de puntuación endoscópica que evalúen la actividad y curación mucosa de esta enfermedad. El papel actual de la cápsula endoscópica en la enfermedad de Crohn es objeto de continua revisión y su adecuado uso le dota de nuevas aplicaciones, que podrían en un futuro dar lugar a cambios relevantes en el manejo de estos pacientes (AU)

Capsule endoscopy currently plays a relevant role for Crohn’s disease. This manuscript will discuss the current indications and practical uses of capsule endoscopy in this disease. It is a non-invasive technique that represents a significant advance in the endoscopic diagnosis of small bowel conditions. These circumstances, together with its diagnostic yield and excellent tolerability, make it considerably acceptable by both patients and physicians. This paper discusses the current evidence on the specific circumstances where capsule endoscopy may be indicated for three specific scenarios: Suspected Crohn’s disease, indeterminate colitis, and established Crohn’s disease, where it plays an extensive role. Furthermore, the impact and implications of capsule endoscopy results for follow-up are reviewed. These recommendations must be interpreted and applied in the setting of the integral, individual management of these patients. Understanding its appropriate use in daily clinical practice and an analysis of results may define endoscopic scoring systems to assess activity and mucosal healing in this condition. The present role of capsule endoscopy for Crohn’s disease is subject to ongoing review, and appropriate usage uncovers novel applications likely to result in relevant changes for the future management of these patients (AU)