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1.
Ann Dyslexia ; 69(2): 186-203, 2019 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30989486

ABSTRACT

In transparent orthographic systems, the main characteristic of developmental dyslexia is poor reading fluency. Several studies have reported that children with dyslexia have difficulties forming orthographic representations of words, which hampers good reading fluency. This study aimed at evaluating whether the semantic-phonological training prior to word reading could facilitate the formation of orthographic representations and leading an improvement in reading fluency. Twenty-four native Spanish-speaking children with developmental dyslexia carried out two different reading tasks. In one of them, participants previously received semantic and phonological information about stimuli whereas in the other task no previous information was provided. Eight different unfamiliar words (four short and four long) were used in each reading task and the reduction of the length effect across reading blocks was taken as a formation index of new orthographic representations. Results showed low accuracy, slow speed reading, and difficulties in developing orthographic representations despite of repeated reading, probably due to the instability in decoding processes. However, the previous phonological and semantic training had a facilitator effect in the formation of orthographic representations, as indicated by the decrease in the length effect.


Subject(s)
Dyslexia , Reading , Semantics , Child , Data Collection , Female , Humans , Male , Spain
2.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 19(75): 241-246, jul.-sept. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-166633

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la detección temprana de las dificultades en el aprendizaje de la lectoescritura es clave para iniciar cuanto antes programas de intervención. Pero para detectar esas dificultades es necesario disponer de herramientas con probada eficacia. Objetivos: el objetivo de este estudio fue validar un test elaborado con tareas lingüísticas relacionadas con la lectura, aplicado hace tres años a 298 niños prelectores, con el que se pretendía detectar posibles dificultades antes de iniciar el aprendizaje de la lectura. Material y método: un total de 190 niños de aquella muestra inicial fueron evaluados cuando tenían siete años con dos tareas de lectura, una de palabras reales y otra de palabras inventadas. De cada niño se recogieron datos de precisión, velocidad y eficiencia lectora. Resultados: aunque habían pasado tres años, se encontró una correlación altamente significativa, medida mediante el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, entre las puntuaciones en el test de detección temprana y las puntuaciones en la prueba de lectura. Además, la mitad de los niños que habían sido clasificados como niños de riesgo por haber obtenido bajas puntuaciones en ese test presentaban serios problemas de lectura (AU)


Introduction: early detection of difficulties in learning to read and write is key to starting intervention programs as soon as possible. But to detect these difficulties it is necessary to have tools with proven efficiency. Aims: the objective of this study was to validate a test developed with linguistic tasks related to reading, applied three years ago to 298 children with the aim of detecting possible difficulties before learning to read. Material and method: a total of 190 children from that initial sample were evaluated when they were 7 years old with two reading tasks, one with real words and other with invented words. From each child, accuracy, speed and reading efficiency data were collected. Results: despite the three years elapsed, a highly significant correlation, using the Pearson coefficient, was found between the early detection battery scores and the reading test scores. In addition, half of the children who had been classified as at-risk children because of low scores on that battery had serious reading problems. Conclusions: the early detection of reading difficulties test, which is being widely used both by pediatricians and by nursery school teachers, due to its quick and easy application, has a strong empirical support. Although it is not a diagnostic test of dyslexia, it is capable of alerting about possible future difficulties in learning to read (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Learning Disabilities/diagnosis , Early Diagnosis , Dyslexia/complications , Dyslexia/diagnosis , Primary Health Care/methods , Word Association Tests , Fujita-Pearson Scale , Risk Groups , Education, Primary and Secondary
3.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 17(66): e99-e107, abr.-jun. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-137519

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el diagnóstico de la dislexia se suele producir varios años después de que se inicie el aprendizaje de la lectoescritura. Para entonces muchos niños disléxicos ya saben lo que es el fracaso escolar y la pérdida de autoestima. Con un diagnóstico temprano se pueden evitar muchos de esos problemas. Además los programas de intervención son mucho más eficaces cuanto más tempranamente se apliquen. Objetivos: el objetivo de este estudio fue elaborar una prueba de diagnóstico precoz de la dislexia, basada en los déficits de procesamiento fonológico que presentan estos niños, aplicable a los cuatro años de edad, antes de que se enfrenten a la lectura. Material y métodos: la prueba consta de seis subtareas con cinco ítems cada una que se puede pasar entre seis y diez minutos. Las seis subtareas evalúan los principales componentes del procesamiento fonológico: discriminación de fonemas, segmentación de sílabas, identificación de fonemas, repetición de pseudopalabras, memoria verbal a corto plazo y fluidez verbal. Resultados: los datos obtenidos de una muestra de 298 niños de cuatro años muestran una buena fiabilidad y una alta validez de constructo de la prueba. Se proporcionan valores normativos en percentiles y puntos de corte por debajo de los cuales se consideran niños de riesgo de sufrir una dislexia. Conclusiones: la aplicación de esta sencilla prueba en las consultas pediátricas y en las clases de Educación infantil a los niños de cuatro años de edad permitirá detectar aquellos con riesgo de sufrir dislexia para poder intervenir lo más tempranamente posible, antes de se enfrenten al aprendizaje de la lectorescritura (AU)


Introduction: the diagnosis of dyslexia usually occurs several years after the literacy learning begins. By then, many dyslexic children have faced academic failure and loss of self-esteem. An early diagnosis could avoid many of these problems. Furthermore, intervention programs are more effective when applied early. Objectives: the aim of this study was to develop a test for the early diagnosis of dyslexia, based on phonological processing deficits presented by these children, and applicable to four years old children, before they face reading. Material and methods: the test consists of six subtasks with five items each, which can be passed between six and ten minutes. The six subtasks evaluate the main components of phonological processing: discrimination of phonemes, syllable segmentation, phoneme identification, repetition of pseudowords, verbal short-term memory and verbal fluency. Results: the data, obtained from a sample of 298 four years old children, show a good reliability and high construct validity of the test. Normative values are given in percentiles and cutoffs, below of which children are considered at risk of suffering dyslexia. Conclusions: the application of this simple test to children in pediatric clinics and early childhood education schools, will allow the detection of children at risk for dyslexia, in order to intervene as early as possible, before they face the literacy learning (AU)


Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Early Diagnosis , Learning/physiology , Learning Disabilities/epidemiology , Learning Disabilities/psychology , Reading , Writing , Dyslexia/epidemiology , Dyslexia/prevention & control , Self Concept , Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences/organization & administration , Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences/standards , Speech-Language Pathology/organization & administration , Reproducibility of Results
4.
Rev. logop. foniatr. audiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 29(2): 131-137, jun. 2009. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-61972

ABSTRACT

La intervención en la dislexia evolutiva ha recibido diferentes enfoques, según la teoría explicativa de partida. Sin embargo, en los últimos años una de las explicaciones más aceptadas y avaladas científicamente es la denominada teoría del déficit fonológico, que considera que las dificultades lectoras tienen su origen en un problema en el componente fonológico del lenguaje. Esta teoría ha dado lugar a programas centrados en dicho componente, los cuales han supuesto importantes mejorías en el nivel lector, además de cambios en la actividad cerebral de los disléxicos. En este artículo presentamos la intervención llevada a cabo con 8 niños disléxicos, entre 7 y 12 años. El programa de trabajo se enfocó en aspectos relacionados con la conciencia fonológica y el aprendizaje del principio alfabético, como punto de partida para facilitar el desarrollo del léxico visual y la fluidez lectora. Los resultados obtenidos tras la intervención, indican que los niños evolucionaron significativamente tanto en exactitud como en velocidad lectora, llegando a leer correctamente el 95% de las palabras. Además, los datos parecen indicar que la intervención temprana es más eficaz


The interventions in developmental dyslexia have had several approaches, according to different explanatory theories. Nevertheless, in the last years the theory of the phonological deficit has been widely accepted to scientifically explain the dyslexia, which considers that reading difficulties have their origin in disabilities in the phonological component of the language. The development of training programs focused on this component has considerably improved the reading level, and evidenced changes in the cerebral activity of the dyslexics. In this work, we have presented the results of an interventional program carried out in 8 dyslexic children, from 7 to 12 years. This was focused on aspects related with the phonological awareness and the learning of the alphabetic principle, to facilitate the development of the lexical reading and its fluency. The results of the intervention showed that the children has experimented a significant improvement in the precision and the speed of reading, reaching a precision of 95% of the words they read. Furthermore, the data suggest that an early intervention was more effective


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Dyslexia/therapy , Articulation Disorders/complications , Speech Articulation Tests , Speech Perception , Language Therapy/methods , Evaluation of Results of Therapeutic Interventions
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