ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: This study used a dog model to evaluate two antimicrobial protocols with or without guided bone regeneration (GBR) in the surgical reconstruction of peri-implantitis defects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eight beagle dogs subject to ligature-induced peri-implantitis were used. The animals either received antimicrobial photodynamic therapy or topical tetracycline hydrochloride combined with GBR or as stand-alone surgical interventions. Block biopsies of the defect sites for histological analysis were obtained at euthanasia, 12 weeks postsurgery. The primary outcome of the study was re-osseointegration; secondary outcomes included alveolar bone gain and remaining defect characteristics. The effects of the implant site, early exposure, and type of antimicrobial protocol on bone regeneration were also evaluated. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed between the two antimicrobial protocols, and the adjunctive use of GBR failed to significantly improve re-osseointegration or bone gain using either protocol. Buccal sites and implant early exposure negatively affected bone regeneration. CONCLUSION: Both antimicrobial therapies stand-alone or combined with GBR allowed similar and limited bone gain.
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use , Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal/methods , Peri-Implantitis/surgery , Administration, Buccal , Animals , Clinical Protocols , Dental Implantation, Endosseous/adverse effects , Dental Implantation, Endosseous/methods , Dogs , Male , Peri-Implantitis/drug therapy , Peri-Implantitis/pathology , Photochemotherapy/methods , Tetracycline/administration & dosage , Tetracycline/therapeutic useABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to investigate the adjunctive effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) to scaling and root planing (SRP) in smokers with chronic periodontitis. Twenty subjects had two contralateral teeth randomly assigned to receive SRP (SRP group) or SRP + a single episode of aPDT (SRP + aPDT group), with a diode laser and a phenothiazine photosensitizer. Plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and gingival recession were recorded, and gingival crevicular fluid was collected for assay of IL-1ß and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 levels. There was a significant PD reduction (SRP 1.81 ± 0.52 mm/SRP + aPDT 1.58 ± 1.28 mm; p < 0.001) and a significant CAL gain (SRP 1.60 ± 0.92 mm/SRP + aPDT 1.41 ± 1.58 mm; p < 0.001) for both groups. Significant differences were not observed in between-group comparisons. IL-1ß level in gingival crevicular fluid was higher in SRP group after 1 week (SRP 24.65 ± 18.85 pg/µL/SRP + aPDT 34.07 ± 24.81 pg/µL; p = 0.048), and MMP-8 level was higher in SRP group after 12 weeks (SRP 303.31 ± 331.62 pg/µL/SRP + aPDT 534.23 ± 647.37 pg/µL; p = 0.024). There were no statistically significant differences in intragroup comparisons. The adjunctive effect of aPDT did not warrant improvements on clinical parameters in smokers. However, it resulted in a suppression of IL-1ß and MMP-8 when compared with SRP alone.
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/administration & dosage , Periodontitis/therapy , Photochemotherapy/methods , Root Planing/methods , Smoking/adverse effects , Adult , Chronic Periodontitis/therapy , Combined Modality Therapy/methods , Dental Plaque Index , Dental Scaling/methods , Female , Gingival Crevicular Fluid/metabolism , Gingival Recession/drug therapy , Humans , Interleukin-1beta/metabolism , Lasers, Semiconductor/therapeutic use , Male , Matrix Metalloproteinase 8/metabolism , Middle Aged , Photosensitizing Agents/therapeutic useABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Studies suggest that smokers present more or greater numbers of potential periodontal pathogens than non-smokers. The aim of this study was to investigate the microbiologic effects of adjunctive aPDT on nonsurgical periodontal treatment in smokers with chronic periodontitis (CP). METHODS: Twenty smokers with CP had two contralateral teeth randomly assigned in a split-mouth design to receive SRP (CG) or SRP + a single episode of aPDT (TG), with a diode laser and a phenothiazine photosensitizer. Levels of 40 subgingival species were measured using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization at baseline and 1, 4 and 12 weeks after periodontal treatment. RESULTS: All 40 bacterial species evaluated were detected in different levels at baseline, with no statistic significant differences between groups. After periodontal treatment, the levels of some bacterial species decreased, while some other species presented an increase. Despite this variation, the statistical analysis was not able to identify significant differences neither at intragroup nor at intergroup comparisons. CONCLUSION: Periodontal treatment with SRP or SRP + aPDT was not able to reduce levels of 40 subgingival species in smokers with CP. These outcomes indicate that smoking impairs periodontal healing after nonsurgical treatment even associated with aPDT.
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use , Periodontitis/drug therapy , Photosensitizing Agents/therapeutic use , Adult , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Bacteria/drug effects , Bacteria/genetics , Bacteria/radiation effects , Dental Scaling , Female , Humans , Light , Male , Middle Aged , Nucleic Acid Hybridization , Periodontitis/microbiology , Photochemotherapy , Photosensitizing Agents/pharmacology , SmokingABSTRACT
A reabsorção alveolar após extrações dentais é uma condição que pertence ao processo de cicatrização. Consequentemente, as paredes do alvéolo sofrerão mudanças quantitativas, as quais serão mais pronunciadas na tábua óssea vestibular. Assim, a utilização de cirurgias sem retalho e de técnicas regenerativas poderia compensar estas alterações ocorridas no processo alveolar. Desta forma, o objetivo deste artigo foi oferecer bases científicas histológicas sobre o remodelamento ou a preservação da tábua óssea vestibular e lingual após a extração dental, utilizando cirurgias sem retalho, com ou sem biomaterial. De acordo com os resultados apresentados, pode-se dizer que a tábua óssea vestibular possui um biotipo mais fino e um osso mais cortical. Portanto, a ausência de retalhos mantém a nutrição da tábua óssea, evitando um aumento no processo de reabsorção. Na presença de um biotipo gengival mais fino, não foi possível prevenir a perda em altura da tábua vestibular, mesmo sem a realização de retalhos. Adicionalmente, o uso de biomateriais não alterou o processo de reabsorção da tábua óssea vestibular, mas modificou o processo de mineralização após a extração dental...
Alveolar bone resorption after tooth extraction is an inherent condition of the healing process. The edentulous site of the alveolar process will undergo quantitative changes that will be more pronounced in the buccal bone. The bone graft placement in the extraction socket and the flapless surgery should offset the catabolic processes observed within the crestal ridge. The aim of this paper is to provide histological scientifi c bases on remodeling or preservation of the buccal and lingual bone plates after tooth extraction using the flapless approach with or without biomaterial placement. According to previous results, the buccal bone plate has a thinner and more cortical bone. So, flapless surgery preserves the periosteal vascularization and reduces the buccal bone plate resorption. For situations where a thinner gingival biotype was found, it was not possible to prevent buccal bone loss even without flap raising. Additionally, the bone grafting did not change the resorption process of the buccal bone plate but modified the mineralization process after tooth extraction...
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Bone Resorption , Bone Transplantation , Histology , Tooth SocketABSTRACT
A instalação de implantes osseointegráveis imediatamente após as extrações dentais é uma terapia cada vez mais procurada pelos pacientes em função da redução do número de procedimentos cirúrgicos e, portanto, do tempo total de tratamento. A preocupação do implantodontista, entretanto, enfoca as possíveis alterações nos tecidos duros e moles, as quais influenciarão diretamente os resultados relacionados com a sobrevivência dos implantes e o sucesso das próteses implantossuportadas. O objetivo deste artigo foi oferecer bases científicas histológicas sobre o remodelamento ou a preservação da tábua óssea vestibular e lingual após a instalação de implantes em alvéolos frescos.
Immediate dental implant placement after tooth extraction is an increasingly popular therapy among patients because of the reduction in the number of surgical procedures and total treatment time. However, the implantodontist is faced with possible changes in hard and soft tissues, which directly affects the results regarding implant survival and success of implant-supported prostheses. The aim of this paper is to provide histological scientific bases on remodeling or preservation of the buccal and lingual bone plates after implant placement in fresh extraction sockets
Subject(s)
Bone Resorption , Dental Implants , Tooth SocketABSTRACT
Fatores relacionados ao paciente, ao defeito periodontal, ao procedimento cirúrgico e aos cuidados pós-operatórios determinam a previsibilidade dos resultados da terapia de regeneração tecidual guiada (RTG). Este trabalho relata um caso clinico de um paciente tratado na clínica de pós-graduação da Forp-USP, com diagnóstico de periodontite crônica generalizada e severa. Após o devido tratamento periodontal dos demais sítios da cavidade bucal, foi realizada a técnica de RTG associada ao enxerto de vidro bioativo para tratamento de um defeito intra-ósseo de duas paredes ósseas localizado na região mesial do dente 13, o qual apresentava 9 mm de profundidade de sondagem e 10 mm de perda de inserção clínica e que estava associado a uma deiscência óssea vestibular. No pós-operatório de seis meses, o exame radiográfico evidenciou a formação óssea com presença de lâmina dura bem definida na região do defeito e o exame clínico constatou uma redução de 6 mm da profundidade de sondagem e um ganho clínico de inserção de 7 mm. Os exames clínico e radiográfico, após 30 meses da realização da RTG, demonstraram a estabilidade destes resultados. Dessa forma, concluimos que os excelentes resultados clínicos podem ser alcançados no tratamento de defeitos intraósseos através da terapia de RTG associada ao enxerto de vidro bioativo, desde que os inúmeros fatores capazes de afetar a previsibilidade sejam observados e controlados.
Factors related to the patient, periodontal defect, surgical treatment, and postoperative period determine the predictability of guided tissue regeneration (GTR). The aim of this paper is to report a clinical case of a patient diagnosed with severe generalized chronic periodontitis, and treated with GTR in combination with the graft of bioactive glass. Following the elevation of a mucoperiosteal flap, a 2-wall intrabony defect localized on the mesial of the maxillary right canine with probing depth of 9 mm, and clinical attachment level of 10 mm, and associated to buccal bone dehiscence, was debrided, the exposed root surface was scaled and planned, and the regenerative therapy was performed. At the 6-month postoperative visit, the radiographic exam demonstrated the formation of a new bone with the presence of a well-defined lamina dura, and in the clinical exam, it was observed a reduction in probing depth of 6 mm, and a clinical attachment gain of 7 mm. These results have been maintained for 30 months. Conclusion: excellent clinical results can be achieved in the GTR treatment of periodontal intrabony defects, since many factors, which may affect the predictability of the results, have been observed, and controlled.
