[Aminothiols in blood plasma at different subtypes of ischemic stroke]. / Aminotioly plazmy krovi pri razlichnykh podtipakh ishemicheskogo insul'ta.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the hemostasis of plasma aminothiols in different subtypes of ischemic stroke (IS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 177 patients, aged 62 (55-68) years, admitted in the first 8-24 hours since IS onset. The pathogenetic subtype of IS was clarified according to the results of clinical and instrumental examination by the Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment criteria. Determination of the total plasma aminothiols levels, their reduced forms and redox status was performed using the ultra-efficient Acquity H-Class UPLC liquid chromatograph (Waters, CSHA). RESULTS: Large-artery atherosclerosis was diagnosed in 24.3% patients, cardioembolic stroke in 20.3%, lacunar stroke in 55.4%. Significant differences in total levels of cysteine (Cys), glutathione (Gsh) and homocysteine (Hcy) were identified in patients with different IS subtypes. Patients with large-artery atherosclerosis and lacunar stroke showed the highest level of Hcy, patients with cardioembolic stroke had the lowest levels of Cys and Gsh. CONCLUSION: Total levels of plasma aminothiols are associated with different subtypes of IS.

[Neurophysiological assessment of persistent idiopathic facial pain]. / Neirofiziologicheskaia otsenka persistiruiushchei idiopaticheskoi litsevoi boli.

AIM: To study neurophysiological characteristics of persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP) in comparison to trigeminal neuralgia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-five patients with PIFP at the age from 25 to 74 years (42 women and 3 men), 25 patients with trigeminal neuralgia at the age from 25 to 84 (15 women and 10 men) and 20 healthy volunteers were examined. Multimodal evoked potentials (EP): brainstem auditory (BAEPs), trigeminal (TEPs) and sympathetic skin responses (SSRs) evoked potentials were recorded. EEG with functional tests (hyperventilation, rhythmical photic stimulation and test with eye opening) was recorded as well. RESULTS: The neurophysiological pattern of PIFP includes: 1) shortening of the latent period (LP) and an increase in peak amplitudes of short-latent components of the BAEPs on both sides in combination with signs of brainstem structure dysfunction (fusion of II-III or III-IV peaks, bifurcation of peaks and lengthening of inter-peaks intervals); 2) normal parameters of the TEPs; 3) an increase in the amplitude of autonomic components (sympathetic and parasympathetic without signs of predominance of the tone of this or that system), intensification of the autonomic reaction; 4) disorganization and acuity of the alpha rhythm, smoothing of zonal differences, presence of bilateral tapering alpha-, theta- or alpha-theta waves on the EEG. CONCLUSION: Patients with PIFP have significant changes in EP and EEG connected with brainstem structure dysfunction and irritation of subcortical structures and autonomic disorders.

[Poststroke depression - a common medical and social problem]. / Postinsul'tnaia depressiia kak chastaia mediko-sotsial'naia problema.

Poststroke depression (PD) is considered as a common medical and social problem. Depression is estimated to occur in 30-35% of the patients during the first year after stroke. Despite the high level of comorbidity, PD is frequently undetectedand and untreated. Psychological impairment from stroke has a negative effect on functional outcome, rehabilitation and quality of live. On the basis of literature review present prevalence, etiology, pathogenesis,diagnosis of PD and summarize current recommendations for therapeutic intervention. A rational approach to the treatment and prevention of PD is proposed.

[Trigeminal autonomic cephalgias].

Review of literature on the trigeminal autonomic cephalgias are presented. Trigeminal autonomic cephalgias are primary headaches with phenotype consisting of trigeminal pain with autonomic sign including lacrimation, rhinorrhea and miosis. Discussed are issues of classification, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of this headache. Special attention is paid to cluster headache, paroxysmal hemicrania, SUNCT syndrome, hemicrania continua.

[Emotional and personality disorders in atypical facial pain].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate emotional and personality disorders in patients with atypical facial pain. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-five patients (42 women, 3 men, mean age 50±16 years) were examined. Pain severity was assessed with the Visual Analogue Scale. Anxiety and depression levels were measured with the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Spilberg's tests), the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale, The Beck Depression Inventory. Thirty patients with atypical facial pain were treated with noophen. The clinical state of the patients was assessed with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D). Noophen was administrated in daily dose of 500 mg, the course of the treatment was 8 weeks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Anxiety and depression as well as the domination of functional neurologic symptoms were characteristic of patients with atypical facial pain. Anxiolytic and antidepressive effects of noophen were seen from the 21st day of treatment. A mild stimulation effect and sleep normalization were also observed. An improvement of the mental state was found in 70% patients with atypical facial pain in the end of treatment: 50% patients demonstrated a significant improvement.