Study protocol and rationale of the "Cogni-action project" a cross-sectional and randomized controlled trial about physical activity, brain health, cognition, and educational achievement in schoolchildren.

BACKGROUND: Education and health are crucial topics for public policies as both largely determine the future wellbeing of the society. Currently, several studies recognize that physical activity (PA) benefits brain health in children. However, most of these studies have not been carried out in developing countries or lack the transference into the education field. The Cogni-Action Project is divided into two stages, a cross-sectional study and a crossover-randomized trial. The aim of the first part is to establish the associations of PA, sedentarism, and physical fitness with brain structure and function, cognitive performance and academic achievement in Chilean schoolchildren (10-13 years-old). The aim of the second part is to determinate the acute effects of three PA protocols on neuroelectric indices during a working memory and a reading task. METHODS: PA and sedentarism will be self-reported and objectively-assessed with accelerometers in a representative subsample, whilst physical fitness will be evaluated through the ALPHA fitness test battery. Brain structure and function will be assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a randomized subsample. Cognitive performance will be assessed through the NeuroCognitive Performance Test, and academic achievement by school grades. In the second part 32 adolescents (12-13 year-old) will be cross-over randomized to these condition (i) "Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training" (MICT), (ii) "Cooperative High-Intensity Interval Training" (C-HIIT), and (iii) Sedentary condition. Neuroelectric indices will be measures by electroencephalogram (EEG) and eye-tracking, working memory by n-back task and reading comprehension by a reading task. DISCUSSION: The main strength of this project is that, to our knowledge, this is the first study analysing the potential association of PA, sedentarism, and physical fitness on brain structure and function, cognitive performance, and academic achievement in a developing country, which presents an important sociocultural gap. For this purpose, this project will use advanced technologies in neuroimaging (MRI), electrophysiology (EEG), and eye-tracking, as well as objective and quality measurements of several physical and cognitive health outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03894241 Date of register: March 28, 2019. Retrospectively Registered.

Applicability and Clinical Validity of Nursing Outcomes Classification in a Nursing Intervention of Nutritional Counseling for Patients With Malnutrition.

PURPOSE: To determine the applicability of the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) after nutritional counseling intervention in malnourished patients. METHODS: Prospective, randomized, open-label study in 106 hospital patients with malnutrition. The NOC indicators evaluated were 162202 and 180201. FINDINGS: The intervention group significantly increased both NOC indicator scores compared with the control group, these indicators significantly correlated with body mass index, Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool, and Barthel's Index. CONCLUSION: The NOC indicators are sensitive to patients' changes in clinical practice, and correlate well with other indicators in this context. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: The NOC can be used to assess malnourished patients in the clinical setting.

[Frailty in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its relation with glucemic control, lipid profile, blood pressure, balance, disability grade and nutritional status]. / Fragilidad en el adulto mayor con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y su relación con el control glucémico, perfil lipídico, tensión arterial, equilibrio, grado de discapacidad y estado nutricional.

INTRODUCTION: frailty identifies a subgroup of people with higher risk of morbidity and mortality. AIMS: our first aim was to determine the prevalence of frailty in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus; our second aim was to establish which factors are associated with frailty in these patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: cross-sectional study in non-institutionalized people (288 patients), over 65 years of age, and diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 2. Frailty was defined according to Freid's criteria. The following variables were assessed: blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, Lawton and Brody index, balance through unipodal support, and nutritional status by using the Mini Nutritional Assessment questionnaire. RESULTS: the prevalence of frailty syndrome was 14.6%. The frailty group showed lower systolic blood pressure (p < 0.001), higher triglycerides levels (p = 0.007), and lower Lawton and Brody values (p < 0.001) than the non-frailty one; moreover, lower monopodal balance was observed with higher frailty levels (r = -0.306, p < 0.001). None frailty-subject was able to perform five seconds or more in balance (r = -0.343, p < 0.001). Moreover, higher frailty was related with poorer Mini Nutritional Assessment results (p = 0.013). CONCLUSION: the prevalence of frailty syndrome in patients with diabetes was higher compared with those in general population over 65 years of age. Frailty was related to lower systolic blood pressure, higher triglycerides concentrations, poorer nutritional status, and lower independency to perform instrumental activities of daily living and poorer balance.

Introducción: la fragilidad identifica a un subgrupo de personas con mayor riesgo de morbimortalidad.Objetivos: determinar la prevalencia de fragilidad y qué factores se asocian a esta en los pacientes adultos mayores con diabetes mellitus tipo 2.Material y métodos: estudio transversal en población residente no institucionalizada (288 pacientes), mayores de 65 años, diagnosticados de diabetes mellitus tipo 2. La fragilidad se define mediante los criterios de Freid. Se valoraron tensión arterial, hemoglobina glicosilada, colesterol total, HDL y LDL, triglicéridos, índice de Lawton y Brody, equilibrio mediante el apoyo unipodal y estado nutricional mediante el Mini Nutritional Assessment.Resultados: la prevalencia encontrada del síndrome de fragilidad fue del 14,6%. El grupo frágil tuvo niveles de tensión arterial sistólica más bajos (p < 0,001), los triglicéridos estaban más elevados (p = 0,007) y obtuvieron valores inferiores en Lawton y Brody (p < 0,001) respecto al grupo no frágil; además, el test de equilibrio monopodal ofreció tiempos menores con la fragilidad (r = -0,306, p < 0,001). Ninguno de los sujetos frágiles aguantó en equilibrio cinco segundos o más (r = -0,343, p < 0,001). Los valores del Mini Nutritional Assessment empeoraron con la fragilidad (p = 0,013).Conclusión: la prevalencia del síndrome de fragilidad en pacientes diabéticos fue mayor a la encontrada en población general mayor de 65 años. La fragilidad se asocia a una disminución de la tensión arterial sistólica, cifras de triglicéridos mayores, peor estado nutricional y disminución de la independencia para la realización de las actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria y peor equilibrio.

Fragilidad en el adulto mayor con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y su relación con el control glucémico, perfil lipídico, tensión arterial, equilibrio, grado de discapacidad y estado nutricional / Frailty in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its relation with glucemic control, lipid profile, blood pressure, balance, disability grade and nutritional status

Introducción: la fragilidad identifica a un subgrupo de personas con mayor riesgo de morbimortalidad. Objetivos: determinar la prevalencia de fragilidad y qué factores se asocian a esta en los pacientes adultos mayores con diabetes mellitus tipo 2.Material y métodos: estudio transversal en población residente no institucionalizada (288 pacientes), mayores de 65 años, diagnosticados de diabetes mellitus tipo 2. La fragilidad se define mediante los criterios de Freid. Se valoraron tensión arterial, hemoglobina glicosilada, colesterol total, HDL y LDL, triglicéridos, índice de Lawton y Brody, equilibrio mediante el apoyo unipodal y estado nutricional mediante el Mini Nutritional Assessment. Resultados: la prevalencia encontrada del síndrome de fragilidad fue del 14,6%. El grupo frágil tuvo niveles de tensión arterial sistólica más bajos (p < 0,001), los triglicéridos estaban más elevados (p = 0,007) y obtuvieron valores inferiores en Lawton y Brody (p < 0,001) respecto al grupo no frágil; además, el test de equilibrio monopodal ofreció tiempos menores con la fragilidad (r = -0,306, p < 0,001). Ninguno de los sujetos frágiles aguantó en equilibrio cinco segundos o más (r = -0,343, p < 0,001). Los valores del Mini Nutritional Assessment empeoraron con la fragilidad (p = 0,013).Conclusión: la prevalencia del síndrome de fragilidad en pacientes diabéticos fue mayor a la encontrada en población general mayor de 65 años. La fragilidad se asocia a una disminución de la tensión arterial sistólica, cifras de triglicéridos mayores, peor estado nutricional y disminución de la independencia para la realización de las actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria y peor equilibrio

Introduction: frailty identifies a subgroup of people with higher risk of morbidity and mortality. Aims: our first aim was to determine the prevalence of frailty in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus; our second aim was to establish which factors are associated with frailty in these patients. Material and methods: cross-sectional study in non-institutionalized people (288 patients), over 65 years of age, and diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 2. Frailty was defined according to Freid's criteria. The following variables were assessed: blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, Lawton and Brody index, balance through unipodal support, and nutritional status by using the Mini Nutritional Assessment questionnaire. Results: the prevalence of frailty syndrome was 14.6%. The frailty group showed lower systolic blood pressure (p < 0.001), higher triglycerides levels (p = 0.007), and lower Lawton and Brody values (p < 0.001) than the non-frailty one; moreover, lower monopodal balance was observed with higher frailty levels (r = -0.306, p < 0.001). None frailty-subject was able to perform five seconds or more in balance (r = -0.343, p < 0.001). Moreover, higher frailty was related with poorer Mini Nutritional Assessment results (p = 0.013). Conclusion: the prevalence of frailty syndrome in patients with diabetes was higher compared with those in general population over 65 years of age. Frailty was related to lower systolic blood pressure, higher triglycerides concentrations, poorer nutritional status, and lower independency to perform instrumental activities of daily living and poorer balance

[Relationship between quality of life, physical activity, nutrition, glycemic control and sarcopenia in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus]. / Relación entre calidad de vida, actividad física, alimentación y control glucémico con la sarcopenia de adultos mayores con diabetes mellitus tipo 2.

INTRODUCTION: The term sarcopenia is defined as age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, with a consequent impact on quality of life. However, there is a lack of studies examining the prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). OBJECTIVES: To analyze the prevalence of sarcopenia in patients over 65 years with type 2 DM and the influence of physical activity, diet, glycemic control, sex, age, and quality of life. METHODS: A total of 279 patients (155 females), aged 76.6 ± 6.27 years, participated in this study in order to analyze body circumferences (waist, hip, calf, and arm), body mass index, handgrip strength, physical activity level, nutritional status, quality of life, and glycemic control. The cut-off value for sarcopenia was defined as the body mass index lower than 9.2 or 7.4 kg/m2 for males and females, respectively. RESULTS: In participants, the prevalence of sarcopenia was 8.33%. Moreover, the level of sarcopenia was negatively associated with quality of life (r = -0.130, p = 0.030), physical activity (r = -0.164, p = 0.006), nutritional status (r = -0.274, p < 0.001), and male sex (r = -0.137, p = 0.022); and positively associated with age (r = 0.183, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with type 2 DM is moderate, and it is related to relevant health factors, such as lower quality of life, lower physical exercise level, and increased malnutrition, especially in older adult males.

Relación entre calidad de vida, actividad física, alimentación y control glucémico con la sarcopenia de adultos mayores con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 / Relationship between quality of life, physical activity, nutrition, glycemic control and sarcopenia in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Introducción: la sarcopenia se define como la pérdida de masa muscular y su deterioro funcional asociado a la edad, por lo que tiene un alto impacto sobre la calidad de vida. Sin embargo, la prevalencia de la sarcopenia en diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) no está suficientemente estudiada. Objetivos: analizar la prevalencia de sarcopenia en mayores de 65 años con DM2 y la posible influencia de la actividad física, la alimentación, el control glucémico, el sexo, la edad y la calidad de vida. Métodos: participaron 279 pacientes (155 mujeres) de 76,6 ± 6,27 años de edad. Se determinó el perímetro de cintura, cadera, pantorrilla y brazo, el índice de masa corporal, la fuerza de prensión manual, el nivel de actividad física, el estado nutricional, la calidad de vida y el control glucémico. La sarcopenia se definió como un índice de masa muscular esquelética menor de 9,2 kg/m2 en varones y menor de 7,4 kg/m2 en mujeres. Resultados: la prevalencia de sarcopenia en los participantes fue de un 8,33%. Hubo asociación negativa entre el nivel de sarcopenia y la calidad de vida (r = -0,130, p = 0,030), actividad física (r = -0,164, p = 0,006), estado nutricional (r = -0,274, p < 0,001), y sexo masculino (r = -0,137, p = 0,022); y positiva para edad (r = 0,183, p = 0,002). Conclusiones: la prevalencia de la sarcopenia en DM2 es moderada. Se relaciona con importantes factores para la salud, como una menor calidad de vida, menor realización de ejercicio físico y mayor presencia de desnutrición, lo cual parece agravarse en adultos varones de edad avanzada (AU)

Introduction: The term sarcopenia is defined as age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, with a consequent impact on quality of life. However, there is a lack of studies examining the prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Objectives: To analyze the prevalence of sarcopenia in patients over 65 years with type 2 DM and the influence of physical activity, diet, glycemic control, sex, age, and quality of life. Methods: A total of 279 patients (155 females), aged 76.6 ± 6.27 years, participated in this study in order to analyze body circumferences (waist, hip, calf, and arm), body mass index, handgrip strength, physical activity level, nutritional status, quality of life, and glycemic control. The cut-off value for sarcopenia was defined as the body mass index lower than 9.2 or 7.4 kg/m2 for males and females, respectively. Results: In participants, the prevalence of sarcopenia was 8.33%. Moreover, the level of sarcopenia was negatively associated with quality of life (r = -0.130, p = 0.030), physical activity (r = -0.164, p = 0.006), nutritional status (r = -0.274, p < 0.001), and male sex (r = -0.137, p = 0.022); and positively associated with age (r = 0.183, p = 0.002). Conclusions: The prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with type 2 DM is moderate, and it is related to relevant health factors, such as lower quality of life, lower physical exercise level, and increased malnutrition, especially in older adult males (AU)

Una revisión del fenómeno Hot Hand como creencia subjetiva y sus consecuencias conductuales en el deporte / Uma revisao sobre o fenômeno Hot Mao e crença com oconsequências comportamentais subjetivo em sport / A review of Hot Hand as subjective belief and it´s consequences in the sport behavioral phenomenon

El término efecto hot hand (‘fenómeno de estar en racha’) hace referencia a un hipotético aumento del rendimiento tras el encadenamiento de varios ensayos acertados. Se identifican tres tipos de investigaciones en contextos deportivos: (1) centradas en la (in)existencia de rachas, (2) en los mecanismos psicológicos de la creencia humana en las rachas y (3) en las posibles consecuencias conductuales provocadas por la creencia. Esta revisión abarca los dos últimos aspectos: la psicología de la creencia en rachas y de la conducta provocada por ésta. El proceso de revisión sistemática se llevó a cabo mediante un protocolo estandarizado basado en las pautas sugeridas por Fernández-Ríos y Buela-Casal (2009). Los estudios relacionados con la creencia en rachas confirman que las personas creen firmemente en su existencia en la mayoría de deportes observándose diferencias en función del nivel de pericia y de modificaciones de framing. No obstante, aún queda por investigar en profundidad en los factores situacionales y las características psicológicas que afectan a la percepción de rachas. Desde un punto de vista conductual, los estudios demuestran que creer en la existencia de rachas tiene un enorme impacto en las decisiones. Los estudios aquí revisados parecen mostrar que la influencia de la creencia en rachas provoca una toma de decisiones peor y más arriesgada. Sin embargo, queda por aclarar en el futuro el impacto de esa tendencia sobre indicadores objetivos de rendimiento en contextos reales de juego (AU)

O efeito mão quente prazo ( ‘sobre um fenômeno roll’) refere-se a um hipotético aumento de desempenho depois de vários cadeia de testes bem sucedidos. Três tipos de pesquisa são identificados em contextos desportivos: (1) incidindo sobre a existência (em) de surtos, (2) mecanismos psicológicos de crença humana em jorros e (3) as possíveis consequências comportamentais causados pela crença . Esta avaliação abrange os dois últimos aspectos: a psicologia da crença em jorros e comportamento causados por ele. O processo de revisão sistemática foi conduzida usando um protocolo padronizado com base nas diretrizes sugeridas por Fernández-Ríos e Buela-Casal (2009). Estudos relacionados à crença em jorros confirmar que as pessoas acreditam fortemente em sua existência na maioria dos esportes observadas diferenças, dependendo do nível de especialização e de enquadramento modificações. No entanto, ele continua a investigar mais profundamente os fatores situacionais e características psicológicas que afetam a percepção de pistas. Do ponto de vista comportamental, estudos mostram que a crença nos surtos de existência tem um enorme impacto sobre as decisões. Os estudos revisados parecem mostrar que a influência da crença em jorros faz com que a tomada de decisões piores e mais arriscados. No entanto, ele ainda precisa ser esclarecida no futuro o impacto desta tendência em indicadores de desempenho objetivas em contextos reais de jogo (AU)

The hot hand phenomenom (also known as hot hat effect or streaks) refers to a hypothetical performance increase after chaining several trials successfully. Three types of research are identified in sports contexts: (1) focused on the (in) existence of streaks, (2) on the psychological mechanisms of human belief in streaks and (3) on possible behavioral consequences caused by belief in streaks. This review covers the last two aspects: the psychology of the belief in streaks and the behavior caused by it. The systematic review process was carried out using a standardized protocol based on the guidelines suggested by Fernández-Ríos and Buela-Casal (2009). The studies related to belief in streaks confirm that people strongly believe in their existence in most sports, showing differences depending on expertise and framing modifications. However, it remains to be further investigated situational factors and psychological characteristics that affect the perception of streaks. From a behavioral point of view, the studies show that belief in the existence of streaks has a huge impact on decisions. The studies here reviewed seem to show that the influence of belief on streaks leads to worse and more risky decision making. However, it remains to be clarified the impact of this trend on objective performance indicators in real game contexts (AU)

Towards a Decision Quality Model for Shot Selection in Basketball: an Exploratory Study.

We take the first steps towards a shot selection quality model in basketball that incorporates decisional cues that might be predictive, not only of proximal results (e.g., scoring), but also of distal results (e.g., winning/losing the match). 2976 jump-shots from 50 Euroleague matches were sampled, following systematic observation guidelines. The decisional cues under scrutiny were shooting opposition, distance and lateral angle, disposition to offensive rebound and disposition to defensive balance at the moment of shooting. A first set of regressions between decisional cues and proximal results showed higher opposition and distance to decrease the probability of scoring (OR = .81; p < .001 and OR = .89; p = .013); a better disposition towards rebound to increase the chances of catching rebound (OR = 1.57; p < .001); and better defensive balance disposition to decrease the probability of a fast break (OR = 1.27; p < .036). A second set of regressions between proximal and distal results showed shooting and offensive rebound effectiveness to predict total points scored (ß = .62; p < .001 and ß = .32; p < .001) and game result (winning/losing the game; OR = 1.12; p < .001 and OR = 1.05; p = .021). Finally, an analysis of the impact of decisional cues on distal results showed a positive relationship between likelihood of winning and average team's disposition to offensive rebound (OR = 1.18; p = .018). These results cast light on the actual weights (validities) of the different cues involved in predicting outcomes of shooting decisions. This evidence could help coaches provide objective feedback about players' shooting performance beyond hit percentages.

Nutritional differences in malnourished patients according to their liquid-intake habits after hospital discharge.

INTRODUCTION: Malnutrition is a serious and relatively common problem among hospitalized patients; moreover, it is known that a good hydration state contributes to health and wellbeing. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between nutritional status, functional dependency, quality of life and liquid-intake habits in malnourished patients after hospital discharge. METHODS: Cross-sectional descriptive study in 91 patients (45 males) who presented malnutrition at hospital discharge. The patients were grouped according to their liquid intake estimated through the Mini Nutritional Assessment questionnaire: 3-5 glasses (n = 42), and > 5 glasses (n = 46); removing from analysis < 3 glasses of liquid intake (n = 3). The body mass index, weight, Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), functional dependency (Barthel questionnaire), and quality of life (Short Form 12 Health Survey [SF-12]) were assessed 2-months after discharge.  RESULTS: The > 5 glasses liquid intake group showed better nutritional status than the 3-5 glasses intake group, for weight (p < 0.001), body mass index (p = 0.001), and MUST scale (p = 0.020). Additionally, the > 5 glasses liquid intake group signifi cantly scored higher values in the total SF-12 questionnaire (p = 0.013), presenting better self-reported quality of life, and higher functional independency in the Barthel index (p = 0.037) than the 3-5 glasses liquid intake group (p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: Although further research is needed to elucidate the characteristics of this relationship, descriptive comparisons between groups showed favorable nutritional status, functional independency and quality of life for the > 5 glasses of liquid intake compared with the 3-5 glasses of liquid intake group during a 2-months follow-up.

Towards a decision quality model for shot selection in basketball: an exploratory study

We take the first steps towards a shot selection quality model in basketball that incorporates decisional cues that might be predictive, not only of proximal results (e.g., scoring), but also of distal results (e.g., winning/losing the match). 2976 jump-shots from 50 Euroleague matches were sampled, following systematic observation guidelines. The decisional cues under scrutiny were shooting opposition, distance and lateral angle, disposition to offensive rebound and disposition to defensive balance at the moment of shooting. A first set of regressions between decisional cues and proximal results showed higher opposition and distance to decrease the probability of scoring (OR = .81; p < .001 and OR = .89; p = .013); a better disposition towards rebound to increase the chances of catching rebound (OR = 1.57; p < .001); and better defensive balance disposition to decrease the probability of a fast break (OR = 1.27; p < .036). A second set of regressions between proximal and distal results showed shooting and offensive rebound effectiveness to predict total points scored (β = .62; p < .001 and β = .32; p < .001) and game result (winning/losing the game; OR = 1.12; p < .001 and OR = 1.05; p = .021). Finally, an analysis of the impact of decisional cues on distal results showed a positive relationship between likelihood of winning and average team’s disposition to offensive rebound (OR = 1.18; p = .018). These results cast light on the actual weights (validities) of the different cues involved in predicting outcomes of shooting decisions. This evidence could help coaches provide objective feedback about players’ shooting performance beyond hit percentages (AU)

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Nutritional differences in malnourished patients according to their liquid-intake habits after hospital discharge

Introduction: Malnutrition is a serious and relatively common problem among hospitalized patients; moreover, it is known that a good hydration state contributes to health and wellbeing. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between nutritional status, functional dependency, quality of life and liquid-intake habits in malnourished patients after hospital discharge. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study in 91 patients (45 males) who presented malnutrition at hospital discharge. The patients were grouped according to their liquid intake estimated through the Mini Nutritional Assessment questionnaire: 3-5 glasses (n = 42), and > 5 glasses (n = 46); removing from analysis < 3 glasses of liquid intake (n = 3). The body mass index, weight, Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), functional dependency (Barthel questionnaire), and quality of life (Short Form 12 Health Survey [SF-12]) were assessed 2-months after discharge. Results: The > 5 glasses liquid intake group showed better nutritional status than the 3-5 glasses intake group, for weight (p < 0.001), body mass index (p = 0.001), and MUST scale (p = 0.020). Additionally, the > 5 glasses liquid intake group significantly scored higher values in the total SF-12 questionnaire (p = 0.013), presenting better self-reported quality of life, and higher functional independency in the Barthel index (p = 0.037) than the 3-5 glasses liquid intake group (p = 0.013). Conclusions: Although further research is needed to elucidate the characteristics of this relationship, descriptive comparisons between groups showed favorable nutritional status, functional independency and quality of life for the > 5 glasses of liquid intake compared with the 3-5 glasses of liquid intake group during a 2-months follow-up (AU)

No disponible

The hidden cost of coaching: intentional training of shot adequacy discrimination in basketball hampers utilization of informative incidental cues.

The goal was to identify the advantages and disadvantages of using intentional guidance to teach to discriminate between good and bad circumstances to shoot in basketball. A simulated shot-adequacy learning task was developed, in which participants were asked to decide, in each trial, whether the player in possession of the ball should shoot or not. After each decision, they received feedback on their response (determined by five cues: Opposition, Rebound, Balance, Alternative, and Distance). 65 naïve participants (M age = 18.6 yr., SD = 1.3) were divided into two groups. The Incidental group received no guiding instructions. The Intentional group was instructed to utilize four of the five cues. The Distance cue was kept incidental for both groups. Participants effectively incorporated the cues into their decisions. Guidance had a markedly different effect across cues. The Intentional group utilized Distance less efficiently than the Incidental group, i.e., intentional instructions on the other four cues nearly blocked the utilization of Distance.

Características de la personalidad de jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto (15-under) / Characteristics in the Personality of Young Basketball Players (15 and under)

El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar los rasgos de personalidad de los jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto de 13-15 años (n=54) a través de la evaluación de las dimensiones del cuestionario de personalidad BFQ-NA, para niños y adolescentes. Se trata de un estudio no experimental en el que se emplea un diseño transeccional o transversal descriptivo. Los resultados obtenidos permiten afirmar que los jugadores seleccionados para la muestra se caracterizan por ser personas: a) perseverantes, tenaces y exigentes, b)abiertas a la novedad, creativas, espontáneas y cultas, c) con valores normales de sociabilidad, seguridad y entusiasmo, d) amables, honestas, educadas y e) tranquilas, serenas y poco irritables (AU)

The aim of the present work was to assess the personality traits of young basketball players aged 13-15 years (n=54) through the evaluation of the dimensions of personality questionnaire BFQ-NA, for children and adolescents. We used a descriptive transversal design in this study which was non-experimental. The results that were obtained confirm that the players selected for the sample are characterized by being: a) persistent, tenacious and demanding, b) open to novelty, creative, spontaneous and educate, c)with normal values of sociability, confidence and enthusiasm, d)friendly, honest and polite, e) calm, serene and slightly irritable (AU)