ABSTRACT
The thyrocervical trunk or thyrobicervicoscapular trunk of Faraboeuf (TT) is a branch of the subclavian artery. In most cases, the following arteries arise from here: inferior thyroid artery (ITA), transverse cervical artery (TCA) and the suprascapular artery (SSA). However, this trunk can show many variants. We dissected the supraclavicular region of 22 human bodies (12 males, 10 females) with the aim of studying the subclavian artery, and principally the TT (22 right trunks and 18 left ones), its disposition and number of branches, the existence of infundibular dilation, and the thickness of the branches. A statistical analysis of the data was performed. Our results show that the most frequent type of TT is that of 2 branches. No significant differences were found between the number of branches of the TT, nor with respect to sex or side. The infundibular region of the TT is an anatomical variant of considerable interest, this variant being more frequent in males on the right side and in trunks with a greater number of branches. The most frequent variants in our study with respect to the classic description were: the presentation of the ascending cervical artery (ACA) as a branch both of the TCA and of the TT; that of the TCA as a branch of the SSA or the subclavian, and the origin of the SSA directly from the subclavian artery itself. The calibre of the branches of one side or another was different, the most frequent observation being that the branches of the right side were thicker than those of the left. Our results confirm the high variability of the TT and its branches, which must be considered of interest given the frequency with which this region is involved in both diagnostic and therapeutic procedures (AU)
El tronco tirocervical (TT) o tirobicervicoescapular de Faraboeuf es una rama de la arteria subclavia. En la mayoría de los casos nacen de él las arterias: tiroidea inferior (ATI), cervical transversa (ACT) y escapular superior (AES). Este tronco puede presentar múltiples variantes. En este trabajo hemos disecado la región supraclavicular de 22 cuerpos humanos (12 hombres y 10 mujeres) con el fin de estudiar la arteria subclavia y fundamentalmente el tronco TT (22 troncos derechos y 18 izquierdos), fijándonos en la disposición y número de sus ramas, en la existencia de infundíbulo y en el grosor de las ramas. Los datos se sometieron a un posterior análisis estadístico. Nuestros resultados muestran que el tipo de TT más frecuente es el de 2 ramas. No se han encontrado diferencias significativas entre el número de ramas del TT ni con respecto al sexo ni al lado. El origen infundibular del TT es una variante anatómica con suficiente frecuencia como para ser considerada, siendo más frecuente en los varones, en el lado derecho y en los troncos con mayor número de ramas. Las variantes más frecuentes en nuestro estudio con respecto a la descripción clásica son: la presentación de la ACA como rama tanto de la ACT como del TT; la de la ACT como rama de la AES o de la subclavia; y el origen independiente de la AES en la subclavia. El calibre de las ramas de uno y otro lado es diferente, siendo más frecuente que las ramas del lado derecho sean más gruesas que las del izquierdo. Nuestros resultados confirman la alta variabilidad del TT y sus ramas, lo cual debe ser considerado dada la frecuencia con la que esta región se ve involucrada en procesos tanto diagnósticos como terapéuticos (AU)
Subject(s)
Female , Male , Humans , Neck/blood supply , Subclavian Artery/anatomy & histology , Cadaver , Analysis of VarianceABSTRACT
The presence of nerve growth factor receptors (NGFr) in sensory nerve corpuscles of human digital skin, primarily Meissner and Pacinian corpuscles, was investigated immunohistochemically using two monoclonal antibodies directed against human-NGFr. To ensure the localization of NGFr immunoreactivity (IR) alternative sections to that processed for NGFr detection were assayed for neurofilament protein (NFP) and S-100 protein which selectively label the axon and the periaxonic specialized cells (lamellar cells of Meissner's corpuscles; inner-core cells of Pacinian corpuscles), respectively. Occurrence of NGFr IR was observed in both types of sensory corpuscles. In Meissner's corpuscles NGFr-IR was found in the lamellar cells, whereas in the Pacinian corpuscles the lamellae of the inner core, outer core, and capsule displayed NGFr IR. Moreover, a positive IR was observed in the central axon of some Pacinian corpuscles. However, remarkable differences were encountered among Pacinian corpuscles in the pattern of NGFr IR distribution. Present results demonstrate the presence of NGFr IR in sensory nerve corpuscles of the human digital skin, suggesting that NGFr could be involved in the concentration of NGF and in the conveying of this molecule from the cutaneous sources to the cell body of NGF-dependent primary sensory neurons. However, the mechanisms involved in this process remain to be clarified.
Subject(s)
Fingers/innervation , Pacinian Corpuscles/chemistry , Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/analysis , Skin/innervation , Submucous Plexus/chemistry , Adult , Child, Preschool , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Male , Neurofilament Proteins/analysis , S100 Proteins/analysisABSTRACT
The peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method, and a specific monoclonal antibody (192-IgG) were used to determine the localization of nerve growth factor receptor (NGFr) in the skeletal muscles of the adult rats. The rectus femoris and the gastrocnemius (medialis and lateralis) muscles were analyzed. Occurrence of NGFr immunoreactivity was observed in: 1) a subpopulation of myelinated nerve fibers within muscle nerve trunks; 2) the vascular adventitia and nerve-like profiles around the blood vessels; 3) the outer capsule and the surface of the intrafusal muscle fibers of muscle spindles. Conversely, images, suggesting the presence of NGFr on muscle fibers or in motor end-plates, were not found. Our results suggest the presence of NGF-binding sites in sensory and sympathetic nerve fibers, and/or their target tissues localized on the skeletal muscles of the rat, whereas the motor nerve fibers lack of NGFr. The dependence of sympathetic neurons, proprioceptive primary sensory neurons, and motoneurons innervating the mammalian muscles upon NGF or other neurotrophic factors is discussed.
Subject(s)
Muscles/chemistry , Receptors, Cell Surface/analysis , Animals , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Male , Motor Neurons/chemistry , Muscles/innervation , Neurons, Afferent/chemistry , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor , Sympathetic Nervous System/chemistryABSTRACT
It is studied the skin and annexes innervation of cat and Wistar rat lips with argentic impregnation and acetylcholinesterase technique. It is made evident the existence of a subepithelial plexus from where some nervous fibers leave ending in the epithelial deep stratums and nervous fibers that finish in dermis thickness forming complex ramifications and different type I and II of SETO morphotypes of nervous receptors. They aren't found typical Merckel, Meissner o Paccini mechano-receivers. The nervous terminations in the transition skin-mucous zone are like the ones found in the rest of skin epidermis. Some intraepithelial fibers have been described at level of sudoriferous and sebaceus glands and sensitive corpuscles in connexion with pilous follicles.
Subject(s)
Lip/innervation , Skin/innervation , Acetylcholinesterase , Animals , Cats , Nerve Fibers , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Sensory Receptor Cells , SilverABSTRACT
The presence of nerve fibers in the testicle of the rat has been investigated both in light (silver and osmium-iodide impregnations, and histochemistry for acetylcholinesterase) and electron microscope. Nerve fibers were found in the albuginea and close to the intertubular blood vessels. However, these were not observed at ultrastructural level. On the other hand, the Leydig cells do not have a direct innervation but nerve fibers containing large and small granular synaptic vesicles were observed in the vicinity (3,000 A). The authors discuss the possible control of the testicular function by the peripheral nervous system.
Subject(s)
Testis/innervation , Animals , Leydig Cells/ultrastructure , Male , Microscopy, Electron , Rats , Seminiferous Tubules/innervation , Testis/ultrastructureABSTRACT
The cholinesterase activity and ultrastructural characteristics of the nerves in tubuli seminiferi recti, rete testis and ductuli efferentes testis have been studied in Wistar rats. The tubuli seminiferi recti and rete testis are innervated by a dense network which has varicosities containing different types of synaptic vesicles. The nerve fibres are located between the smooth muscle cells and the fibroblasts, and under the epithelial basement membrane. Inside the ductuli efferentes testis, the nerves form perivascular, subepithelial and muscle plexuses. According to the positive reaction for cholinesterase as well as the characteristics of the synaptic vesicles, these structure have at least a double adrenergic-cholinergic innervation. Our results demonstrate that the nervous fibres in ductuli efferentes testis are more abundant than in tubuli seminiferi recti and rete testis. The role of the vegetative nervous system in the initial segments of the spermatic pathways is discussed.
Subject(s)
Rete Testis/innervation , Seminiferous Tubules/innervation , Testis/innervation , Animals , Male , Microscopy, Electron , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Rete Testis/ultrastructure , Seminiferous Tubules/ultrastructureABSTRACT
The microscopic innervation of the ductus epididymis in the rat has been studied both in light and electron microscope. The nerve fibres form perivascular, intramuscular and subepithelial plexuses. Occasionally sensory formations were observed in the adventitia of the cauda epididymis. The innervation is more abundant in the cauda epididymis than in the other segments (caput and corpus). The varicosities and endings of nerve fibres have synaptic vesicles of different sizes and electron characteristics. Some of the varicosities were close to the muscle cells and without glial sheath. The epithelial cells were not directly innervated.
Subject(s)
Epididymis/innervation , Rats, Inbred Strains/anatomy & histology , Animals , Cholinergic Fibers/ultrastructure , Epididymis/blood supply , Male , Neuroglia/ultrastructure , Rats , Receptors, Neurotransmitter/analysis , Synapses/ultrastructure , Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/analysisABSTRACT
The microscopic innervation of the vas deferens in the rat was studied both in light and electron microscope. The nerve fibres form perivascular, intramuscular and subepithelial plexuses. Inside the connective tissue surrounding the vas deferens both isolated nerve fibres and sensory corpuscles (glomerular and Ruffine-like types) were observed. The varicosities and endings of nerve fibres contain synaptic vesicles of different sizes and electron characteristics. These varicosities were closely related to the smooth muscle cells and some of them lacked of Schwannian sheath. The nervous fibres were not in direct contact with the epithelial cells.
Subject(s)
Rats, Inbred Strains/anatomy & histology , Vas Deferens/innervation , Adrenergic Fibers/ultrastructure , Animals , Cholinergic Fibers/ultrastructure , Connective Tissue/ultrastructure , Male , Muscle, Smooth/innervation , Nerve Endings/ultrastructure , RatsABSTRACT
The human and the rabbit tongue with different histologycal techniques are studied. Most muscle fibers of the tongue shown one or various motor end-plates derivated from a single axon. It is not frequent a polisynaptic innervation. The muscular polo of the synapse have few nyofibrils, nucleus and sarcoplasma without differentiation. Does not exit differences between the motor end-plates of the tongue from the man and the rabbit.
Subject(s)
Synapses , Tongue/innervation , Animals , Humans , Male , Rabbits , Sarcoplasmic ReticulumSubject(s)
Sensory Receptor Cells/ultrastructure , Tongue/innervation , Animals , Humans , Male , Rabbits , Tongue/ultrastructureABSTRACT
Neurons either isolated or clustered in small ganglio are found in the thickness of the connective tissue of the lamina typical of the lingual mucous membrane and the perimysium; they lack processes, are scare in number and of a primitive aspect. Its possible nature and functional significance are discussed.
