ABSTRACT
The introduction of biopolymers, which are sustainable and green materials, desegregated nature's water purification proficiency with science and technology, opens a new sustainable methodology in water reclamation. In order to introduce an efficacious adsorbent system for MB dye-toxic pollutant, adsorption, providing robust mechanical properties and facile processability, a facile system was introduced via electrospinning utilizing polylactic acid (PLA) and Ti3C2Tx, viz., PMX. The addition of 3 wt.% Ti3C2Tx led to a 3-fold substantial augmentation in the uptake capacity of the membrane from 197.28 to 307 mg/g when the adsorbate concentration was 100 ppm. The adsorption followed a PSO behavior, proposing that the rate-limiting stage is chemisorption and data best fitted to Freundlich isotherm, indicating heterogeneous adsorption sites and multi-layer adsorption. Further, biodegradability was studied by simulating natural environmental conditions where the nanofibers exhibited 42-64% degradation after 270 days. Based on the result with PLA, it is anticipated that the prepared fibrous system will introduce a new perspective as a potential candidate for MB removal from wastewater, opening new directions toward the research and development in wastewater treatment with electrospun biopolymer fibers using waste PLA.
ABSTRACT
Undesired discharge of various effluents directly into the aquatic ecosystem can adversely affect water quality, endangering aquatic and terrestrial flora and fauna. Therefore, the conceptual design and fabrication of a sustainable system for alleviating the harmful toxins that are discharged into the atmosphere and water bodies using a green sustainable approach is a fundamental standpoint. Adsorptive removal of toxins (â¼99% removal efficacy) is one of the most attractive and facile approaches for cleaner technologies that remediate the environmental impacts and provide a safe operating space. Recently, the introduction of biopolymers for the adsorptive abstraction of toxins from water has received considerable attention due to their eclectic accessibility, biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and enhanced removal efficacy (â¼ 80-90% for electrospun fibers). This review summarizes the recent literature on the biosorption of various toxins by biopolymers and the possible interaction between the adsorbent and adsorbate, providing an in-depth perspective of the adsorption mechanism. Most of the observed results are explained in terms of (1) biopolymers classification and application, (2) toxicity of various effluents, (3) biopolymers in wastewater treatment and their removal mechanism, and (4) regeneration, reuse, and biodegradation of the adsorbent biopolymer.
