ABSTRACT
Interlocking nails have been shown to be an effective means to stabilise long bone fractures. When used in non-load sharing fracture repairs with minimal medullary canal filling, the authors noted instability of the main fracture fragments. The addition of multiple intramedullary pins in stack pin fashion eliminated the instability. ILN and ILN/SP constructs were loaded in four-point bending using an unstable osteotomy model. The gap between the ILN and ILN/SP groups was compared. Significant changes were seen with the ILN/SP constructs in the cranial to caudal plane.
Subject(s)
Bone Nails/veterinary , Dogs/surgery , Femoral Fractures/veterinary , Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary/veterinary , Humeral Fractures/veterinary , Osteotomy/veterinary , Animals , Bone Nails/adverse effects , Dogs/injuries , Femoral Fractures/surgery , Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary/instrumentation , Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary/methods , Humeral Fractures/surgery , Osteotomy/instrumentation , Osteotomy/methods , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
A single institution's experience in the simultaneous reconstruction of both breasts using bilateral latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps is presented. The procedure was performed on 24 patients by the attending staff of the department of plastic surgery at St. Joseph Hospital in Houston, Texas, between 1979 and 1999. Of the 24 patients reviewed, six had immediate reconstructions, 13 had delayed primary reconstructions, and five had secondary reconstructions of failed or unsatisfactory primary procedures. In the group with delayed reconstructions, the average time between mastectomy and reconstruction was 46.4 months, with a range from 7 days to 21 years. The operative method, results, and outcomes of our experience in these patients is presented.
Subject(s)
Mammaplasty/methods , Surgical Flaps , Breast Implantation , Breast Implants , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Nipples/surgery , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
The level of parotid saliva agglutinins to sheep erythrocytes (PSAE) may be directly related to the severity of ongoing inflammation. PSAE were titrated in a population of 19 individuals with no clinical evidence of gingivitis or periodontitis. In these normal individuals PSAE were detected at an average salivary dilution of 1:8. However, 31 patients receiving treatment for periodontitis had PSAE at an average dilution of 1:26. Furthermore, the parotid saliva of those periodontal patients had significantly higher IgA and protein concentrations than the healthy group. The salivary flow rate and the IgA to protein ratio were similar in both groups. The elevated titer of PSAE may be due in part to heterogenic stimulation of B cells in periodontal tissues and therefore may be related to the rate of the ongoing inflammatory disease process.
