Characteristics among adult patients with diabetes who received a foot exam by a health care provider in the past year: An analysis of NHANES 2011-2016.

INTRODUCTION: According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA), patients with diabetes should receive annual foot exams from a HCP to identify and reduce risk factors for ulcers and other complications. Little is known regarding factors that may increase or decrease the likelihood of having an annual foot examination by a health care provider (HCP). METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of 1830 patients age 20 years and older with a previous diagnosis of diabetes. Patients selected for inclusion in NHANES receive an in-home interview and then undergo a comprehensive physical at a CDC mobile examination center. The adjusted odds ratios for a patient having received a foot exam from a HCP in the past year were conducted using appropriate weighting variables assessed with logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Both Hispanic Americans with diabetes [aOR 0.62 (0.47, 0.82)] and Asian Americans with diabetes [aOR 0.65 (0.44, 0.97)] were significantly less likely to have had a foot exam by a HCP in the last year, when compared to non-Hispanic White Americans. CONCLUSIONS: Hispanic Americans and Asian Americans with diabetes were significantly less likely to have had a foot exam by a HCP in the last year.

Differences in HbA1C% screening among U.S. adults diagnosed with diabetes: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

AIMS: To assess differences in HbA1C% screening by health care providers (HCP's) in U.S. adults with previously diagnosed diabetes using nationally representative survey data collected during the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of 1725 adults from the 2011-2016 NHANES. Logistic regression was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratios for having received HbA1C% screening from a health care provider in the past year for the entire population, as well as separately based on an individual's self-reported health insurance status. RESULTS: Individuals with health insurance, a history of hypertension, a history of high cholesterol, a higher frequency of visits to a health care provider, and those surveyed during the 2015-2016 NHANES were all significantly more likely to have been screened for HbA1C% in the past year. When compared to Non-Hispanic Whites however, both Hispanic Americans (aOR 0.38 (95% CI, 0.25-0.60) and African Americans (aOR 0.53 (95% CI, 0.32-0.87) with health insurance were significantly less likely to have been screened for HbA1C% in the past year. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that despite having health insurance, people of color who have diabetes are significantly less likely to have their HbA1C% monitored by a health care provider.