ABSTRACT
This work focuses on the environment protected, ecological procedure by the combination of ZnO nanoparticles utilizing the extraction of Ocimum sanctum. The prepared nanoparticles are examined by different methods like Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX). A systematic study has been made on the result of ZnO nano-coating for the corrosion behavior of mild steel. The ZnO nanoparticles of average diameter in the range 18-22 nm were coated on mild steel in nickel bath solution. The anticorrosion properties on the coated mild steel was carefully tested in 3.5% NaCl solution by performing potentio-dynamic polarization measurement and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Surface morphology of the coated mild steel immersed in corrosive solution was judged by using SEM with EDAX. The ZnO nano coating has shown a perfect protection against corrosion and the shielding capability is in the range between 86-95%. The incorporation of ZnO nanoparticles has upgraded the process of mild steel in all corrosion media are subjected to investigation.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Data on associations of body composition with HIV disease characteristics are limited. OBJECTIVE: We compared sex-specific associations between HIV disease characteristics and body composition in an racially-ethnically diverse cohort of antiretroviral-naive patients. DESIGN: The study was a cross-sectional analysis of participants enrolled in a metabolic substudy of a multicenter trial. Regional fat was measured, and total body fat (TBF) was derived by using the Durnin-Womersley formula (DWF) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Body cell mass (BCM) was measured by BIA. RESULTS: Among 422 participants, 22% were women, 60% were African American, and 36% had prior AIDS-defining illnesses. Mean (+/-SD) age was 38.2 +/- 9.6 y, CD4+ count was 215 +/- 184 cells/mm3, and HIV RNA log10 was 5.0 +/- 0.8 copies/mL. On multivariate analysis, women with AIDS-defining illness had significantly (P < 0.005) lower regional body fat and TBF (BIA: -9.5 kg; DWF: -7.3 kg) but nonsignificantly lower BCM (-1.3 kg) than did women without such illnesses, whereas men with AIDS-defining illness had significantly (P < 0.005) lower BCM (-1.7 kg) but nonsignificantly lower TBF (BIA: -1.3 kg; DWF: -1.83 kg) than did men without such illnesses (P < 0.05 for sex differences in TBF). Significant negative associations of HIV RNA with BCM (-0.9 kg/log RNA; P = 0.03), TBF by BIA (-1.4 kg/log RNA; P = 0.05) and by DWF (-1.6 kg/log RNA; P = 0.01), and regional fat were observed in men only. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of prior AIDS illness on body fat differed significantly between the sexes: women with prior AIDS-defining illness had significantly less fat than did women without such illnesses. An independent effect of HIV viremia on BCM and fat was seen in men. These distinctions may be due to inherent biological differences between the sexes.
