ABSTRACT
Clinical treatment of inflamed tooth pulp mostly involves the removal of the entire pulp tissue. Because the vitality of the tooth is important for its ability to function, optimal regenerative biomaterials must be developed to maintain the vitality. Despite vast advances in the field of endodontics, the clinical translation of regenerative endodontic procedures and materials remains challenging. Patient-specific, tissue-derived stem cells play a major role in regeneration and revascularization, and these stem cells require an infection-free environment for a successful outcome. However, the high doses of antibiotics currently used to maintain an infection-free environment for tissue regeneration can be toxic for the stem cells. The introduction of nanotechnology in the field of regenerative procedures has overcome these issues and demonstrated promising results. Nanoparticles can be used to deliver antibiotics at very low doses owing to their small size, thereby enhancing antimicrobial activity and reducing the cytotoxic effect. Additionally, nanofibrous scaffolds provide an environment that is favorable for stem-cell migration and proliferation, thereby favoring the regeneration of the pulp-dentin complex. Nanotechnology can be used in the construction of nanofibrous scaffolds incorporated with different bioactive nanoparticles for favorable clinical outcomes. Nonetheless, the role of nanotechnology and the controlled release of various bioactive nanomolecules enhancing stem cell proliferation and regeneration of true pulp-dentin complex remains poorly understood. Given the importance of nanotechnology in tissue regeneration, this review provides an overview of the potential applications of nanotechnology in tooth pulp-dentin regeneration.
ABSTRACT
The objective of dentists is to preserve teeth affected by either caries, trauma, or any other pathological condition. Teeth with deep carious lesions often require endodontic treatment to preserve their form and function. Sound knowledge of root canal anatomy, endodontic pathology, and proper treatment protocol are vital in endodontic treatment success. Currently, there has been an ongoing trend of case reports that highlight the presence of extra canals, which in turn, cautions the clinician to be more prudent. Any missed canal during root canal therapy is the common cause of treatment failure. This case report emphasizes the fact that proper understanding of pulp anatomy combined with the use of modern diagnostic aids and proper treatment protocol is essential for treatment success. This case report describes successful management of three rooted mandibular first molar with extra canals.
