ABSTRACT
Resumo Introdução O suicídio é um problema mundial de saúde pública e está entre as principais causas de morte no mundo. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a sua ocorrência e caracterizar os casos de suicídio registrados em um município da Amazônia Legal, entre os anos de 1999 e 2016. Método Foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico descritivo e transversal. Foram incluídos todos os casos registrados como suicídios no Instituto Médico Legal (IML) de Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso. Resultados As taxas de suicídio por ano variaram de 8,6 (2014) a 20,3 (2003). Houve maior frequência no gênero masculino (76,6%) e em adultos (78,1%). A causa mais utilizada foi a asfixia (49,6%), seguida por intoxicações (27,0%), cujos principais agentes tóxicos utilizados foram agrotóxicos (60,9%). Em relação ao mês de ocorrência, abril apresentou o maior número de suicídios (13,1%) e o menor foi em fevereiro (5,1%). Em relação ao dia da semana, no domingo, foi observada a maior incidência (17,5%). Conclusão Diante do exposto, conclui-se que o gênero masculino e a faixa etária adultos foram mais propensos a cometer a autoagressão. Assim, projetos relacionados à Saúde Pública e estratégias de prevenção são necessários, pensando também em ações mais efetivas voltadas para o perfil das vítimas.
Abstract Introduction Suicide is a global public health problem and is among the leading causes of death worldwide. Thus, this study aimed to study the occurrence and characterize the suicide cases recorded in a municipality of the Legal Amazon, between the years of 1999 and 2016. Method We performed an epidemiological descriptive and transversal study including all cases registered as suicides at the Institute of Forensic Medicine (IFM) of Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso. Results Suicide rates ranged from 8.6 (2014) to 20.3 (2003). There was a higher frequency in males (76.6%) and in adults (78.1%). The most common form of suicide was asphyxiation (49.6%), followed by intoxications (27.0%), mainly by pesticides (60.9%). April was the month with the highest number of suicides (13.1%), and February (5.1%) had the lowest. Sundays were the day of the week with a higher incidence (17.5%). Conclusions In conclusion, male adults are more likely to commit self-harm. Thus, there is a need for more research on public health and prevention strategies, also considering more effective actions according to the profile of the victims.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Nutrients and immunological factors of breast milk are essential for newborn growth and the development of their immune system, but this secretion can contain organic and inorganic toxins such as barium. Colostrum contamination with barium is an important issue to investigate because this naturally occurring element is also associated with human activity and industrial pollution. The study evaluated the administration of barium nanoparticles to colostrum, assessing the viability and functional activity of colostral mononuclear phagocytes. METHODS: Colostrum was collected from 24 clinically healthy women (aged 18-35 years). Cell viability, superoxide release, intracellular Ca(2+) release, and phagocyte apoptosis were analyzed in the samples. RESULTS: Treatment with barium lowered mononuclear phagocyte viability, increased superoxide release, and reduced intracellular calcium release. In addition, barium increased cell death by apoptosis. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that nanoparticles of barium in colostrum are toxic to cells, showing the importance of avoiding exposure to this element.
Subject(s)
Apoptosis/drug effects , Barium/chemistry , Colostrum/drug effects , Nanoparticles/administration & dosage , Phagocytes/pathology , Adolescent , Adult , Calcium/metabolism , Cell Survival/drug effects , Cells, Cultured , Female , Flow Cytometry , Humans , Nanoparticles/chemistry , Phagocytes/drug effects , Pregnancy , Superoxides/metabolism , Young AdultABSTRACT
ResumoEste artigo apresenta o perfil das vítimas de tentativas de suicídio por intoxicações exógenas ocorridas no município de Barra do Garças, no Estado do Mato Grosso, no período de 2008 a 2013. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico descritivo e transversal dos casos registrados pelo Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Foram registrados um total de 164 tentativas de suicídio por intoxicações exógenas. Os agentes tóxicos de maior frequência foram os medicamentos (50%) e os agrotóxicos (26,2%). As tentativas foram mais frequentes entre o gênero feminino (71,1%) e na faixa etária de adultos (81%). Informações sobre o uso racional de medicamentos, maior controle sobre a venda de agrotóxicos e a realização de programas sociais de apoio e de atendimento às vítimas poderiam contribuir para a diminuição dos casos.
AbstractThis study presents the profile of suicide attempts by exogenous intoxication in Barra do Garças, state of Mato Grosso, from January 2008 to December 2013. This is a cross-sectional, retrospective and descriptive epidemiological study. Data were collected from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN). A total of 164 cases of suicide attempt by exogenous intoxication were registered. The most frequent toxic agents were drugs (50%) and pesticides (26.2%). Suicide attempts were more frequent among females (71.1%) and adults (81%). Information about the rational use of drugs, greater control over the sale of pesticides, and the implementation of social programs to support and care for victims could contribute to the reduction of cases.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study the epidemiology of exogenous intoxications in children and adolescents of Barra Garças, Mato Grosso, from January 2008 to September 2013. METHOD: This was a cross-sectional, retrospective, and descriptive epidemiological study. Data were collected from the Disease Notification System (Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação [SINAN]) of the municipality, processed using Microsoft Excel, and evaluated through BIOESTAT statistical software. The variables included were: sex; age; toxic agent; time and place of service; route of administration; circumstance; and classification of intoxication. The age range was established according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, comprising children aged from 0 to 9 years old and adolescents aged from 10 to 19 years old. RESULTS: A total of 125 cases of accidental exogenous poisoning was registered, including 77 children and 48 adolescents. Food and beverages (38.4%) and drugs (24.0%) were the most common groups of toxic agents responsible for the poisoning. The largest age group affected by intoxication was composed of children aged from 0 to 4 years old (43.2%) and adolescents aged from 10 to 14 years old (19.7%). Regarding the circumstances, intoxication occurred due to suicide attempts (16.8%) and accidental events (23.2%) in adolescents and children, respectively. The study revealed a higher frequency of poisoning in girls. CONCLUSION: Exogenous intoxications occurred predominantly in children up to 4 years old, through the accidental consumption of food or drinks. Thus, the adoption of educational prevention programs for children's family members and caregivers is necessary.
Subject(s)
Poisoning/epidemiology , Adolescent , Brazil/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study the epidemiology of exogenous intoxications in children and adolescents of Barra Garças, Mato Grosso, from January 2008 to September 2013. METHOD: This was a cross-sectional, retrospective, and descriptive epidemiological study. Data were collected from the Disease Notification System (Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação [SINAN]) of the municipality, processed using Microsoft Excel, and evaluated through BIOESTAT statistical software. The variables included were: sex; age; toxic agent; time and place of service; route of administration; circumstance; and classification of intoxication. The age range was established according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, comprising children aged from 0 to 9 years old and adolescents aged from 10 to 19 years old. RESULTS: A total of 125 cases of accidental exogenous poisoning was registered, including 77 children and 48 adolescents. Food and beverages (38.4%) and drugs (24.0%) were the most common groups of toxic agents responsible for the poisoning. The largest age group affected by intoxication was composed of children aged from 0 to 4 years old (43.2%) and adolescents aged from 10 to 14 years old (19.7%). Regarding the circumstances, intoxication occurred due to suicide attempts (16.8%) and accidental events (23.2%) in adolescents and children, respectively. The study revealed a higher frequency of poisoning in girls. CONCLUSION: Exogenous intoxications occurred predominantly in children up to 4 years old, through the accidental consumption of food or drinks. Thus, the adoption of educational prevention programs for children's family members and caregivers is necessary...
OBJETIVO: Caracterizar o perfil epidemiológico das intoxicações exógenas ocorridas em crianças e adolescentes em Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, no período de janeiro/2008 a setembro/2013. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico descritivo transversal e retrospectivo . Os dados foram coletados através do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) do município e processados no Microsoft Excel e avaliados através do programa estatístico BIOESTAT. As variáveis avaliadas foram: sexo, idade, agente tóxico, local e tempo de atendimento, via de administração, circunstância e classificação final da intoxicação. A faixa etária foi a estabelecida segundo o Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística: crianças com idade de 0 a 9 anos e adolescentes de 10 a 19 anos. RESULTADOS: Foram registrados 125 casos de intoxicações exógenas, sendo 77 em crianças e 48 em adolescentes. Os principais agentes tóxicos responsáveis pelas intoxicações foram alimentos e bebidas (38,4%) e medicamentos (24,0%). As faixas etárias mais acometidas por intoxicações foram: 0-4 anos (43,2%) e 10-14 anos (19,7%). Em relação às circunstâncias, as intoxicações ocorreram por tentativa de suicídio (16,8%) e acidental (23,2%), respectivamente em adolescentes e crianças. O estudo demonstrou maior frequencia de intoxicações no sexo feminino. CONCLUSÕES: Conclui-se que as intoxicações exógenas ocorreram predominantemente em crianças até 4 anos por meio do consumo de alimentos ou bebidas e de forma acidental. Assim, é necessária a adoção de medidas educativas de prevenção para os familiares e cuidadores de crianças...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Poisoning/epidemiology , Poisoning/etiologyABSTRACT
The quantitation of target analytes in complex matrices such as biological samples requires special calibration approaches to compensate for additional capacity or activity in the matrix samples. A conventional calibration curve, obtained with standard solutions, is one of the most important calibration procedures for quantitation of target analytes in such matrices. However, these technique require a great number of reagents and material, and consume a considerable amount of time throughout the analysis. In this work, a new calibration procedure to analyze urine samples is proposed for the first time in chromatography procedures. The proposed calibration, called the addition calibration technique, was used for the determination of acetaminophen and hydrochlorothiazide in urine samples. The results obtained for the proposed calibration mode were compared to those obtained using standard addition and standard calibration techniques. The proposed addition calibration was validated by statistical studies between results obtained by the addition technique and conventional techniques, using the ANOVA test and linear regression. The results demonstrated good agreement among them. The performance of the analytical method was evaluated. Relative standard deviation, limit of detection, and limit of quantification are respectively 0.5-0.6%, 0.169-0.75 microg/mL, and 0.565-2.5 microg/mL. Linear range falls within the range of 0.3 to 63.8 microg/mL for both compounds. Accuracy ranged between 94% and 101%.
