ABSTRACT
Between January 2005 and December 2006, a higher incidence of paratyphoid fever (53.8%) compared to typhoid fever (44.9%) has been observed at a tertiary hospital in South India. A definite seasonal pattern of incidence is seen in paratyphoid fever (peak incidence during October-December, i.e., post monsoon period) but not in typhoid fever. Decreased fluoroquinolone susceptibility is much higher in S. Paratyphi A (98.8%) as compared to S. Typhi (46.5%). These findings are of importance in therapeutic decision making, development of vaccination strategies and implementing public health measures for disease control.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Salmonella paratyphi A/drug effects , Salmonella typhi/drug effects , Seasons , Typhoid Fever/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Blood/microbiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Culture Media , Female , Humans , Incidence , India/epidemiology , Infant , Male , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Middle Aged , Salmonella paratyphi A/classification , Salmonella paratyphi A/isolation & purification , Salmonella typhi/classification , Salmonella typhi/isolation & purification , Typhoid Fever/microbiologyABSTRACT
Clinico-microbiological analysis of a series of 25 patients with culture proven melioidosis was done. All patients came from the coastal regions of Kerala and Karnataka and presented between June 2005 to July 2006. They were analysed with respect to clinical presentation, occupation, epidemiology and microbiological features. No single presenting clinical feature was found to be typical of melioidosis. The disease was found to mimic a variety of conditions, including tuberculosis and malignancy. Burkholderia pseudomallei was isolated from blood, sputum, pus, urine, synovial, peritoneal and pericardial fluids. Diabetes mellitus was the most common predisposing factor and 80% of the cases presented during the Southwest monsoon (June to September). It is probable that melioidosis is highly prevalent in western coastal India and yet, greatly underestimated. Better awareness, both among clinicians and microbiologists, coupled with improved diagnostic methods to allow early diagnosis and hence early treatment, will significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this disease.
Subject(s)
Burkholderia pseudomallei/isolation & purification , Melioidosis/microbiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Burkholderia pseudomallei/drug effects , Child , Child, Preschool , Diabetes Complications , Disease Susceptibility/complications , Female , Humans , India , Male , Melioidosis/etiology , Melioidosis/pathology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Middle Aged , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
Kaposi's varicelliform eruption (eczema herpeticum) is the name given to a distinct cutaneous eruption caused by herpes simplex and certain other viruses that infect persons with preexisting dermatosis. Most commonly it is associated with atopic dermatitis. We report a case of a three-year-old atopic child who presented with extensive vesicular eruption suggestive of Kaposi's varicelliform eruption. There was history of fever, malaise and extensive vesicular eruptions. Diagnosis was made based on clinical features and Tzanck smear examination. Patient responded adequately to oral acyclovir therapy.
Subject(s)
Kaposi Varicelliform Eruption/diagnosis , Acyclovir/administration & dosage , Acyclovir/therapeutic use , Administration, Oral , Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Child, Preschool , Dermatitis/complications , Female , Humans , Kaposi Varicelliform Eruption/complications , Kaposi Varicelliform Eruption/drug therapy , Medical Records , Respiratory Tract Infections/complicationsABSTRACT
Success of root canal therapy depends on the complete eradication of microflora from the root canal system. A great deal of research is needed to identify and define the role of the pathogens which are involved in the pathogenesis of the periradicular diseases. This will help the endodontist to plan the best treatment by irradiation of pathogens which, in turn predict the outcome of the treatment. This article reviews the endodontic microflora, routes of microbial entry, methods to identify endodontic microbes and markers that permit the clinician to know when to conclude the treatment.
