ABSTRACT
Plant co-products currently represent an attractive alternative to the food industry, especially to the growing market of development low-fat products. Among the co-products resulting from tropical fruits' processing, the cashew apple's fibre presents unusual nutritional and sensory characteristics. In several food preparations could use it as an ingredient. In this work, the bioactive compounds of both artisanal and industrialized cashew apple fibre were studied and the influence of the different cooking methods on their bioactive content, and the acceptance and sensory preference of products new plants-based products formulated. It was observed that both artisanal and industrial cashew apple fibres presented a rich composition in the bioactive compounds, especially regarding the content of ascorbic acid found in artisanal (147.8 mg.100g-1) and carotenoids in industrialized fibre (1.87 mg 100 g-1), which resulted in a higher antioxidant activity for both samples in each method evaluated. Frying (180 °C/3 min) and cooking in a combination oven (98 °C/10 min) exhibited higher averages regarding the retention of the bioactive compounds in the fibres, resulting in a higher antioxidant activity for the products processed by these methods. In contrast, it was boiling processing (100 °C/18min) leads to leach of water-soluble biocompounds and, consequently, their products presented a reduced antioxidant activity. The cashew apple "paçoca" and "meatballs" were judged in terms of their attributes (appearance, aroma, taste, overall impression) and buy intention. In general, the average of these results indicated a high sensorial acceptance and a partial possibility in their purchase of these products. The cashew apple fibres are a source of nutrients. Its incorporation in culinary preparations can be a friendly way to avoid waste and promote new food products.
ABSTRACT
Os estudos envolvendo compostos antioxidantes naturalmente presentes em alimentos e a prevenção ou controle de algumas doenças não transmissíveis têm chamado a atenção da comunidade cientí?ca e da população em geral. Entre os alimentos que contém antioxidantes naturais, as frutas e os vegetais são os que mais contribuem para o suprimento dietético destes compostos, associados aos efeitos benéficos à saúde humana. Os métodos para avaliação da atividade antioxidante total (AAT) propostos na literatura são diversos, porém alguns são mais apropriados que outros, dependendo da natureza dos compostos presentes na constituição de cada fruta. O presente trabalho realizou uma revisão de literatura com as principais metodologias utilizadas para a avaliação da atividade antioxidante de frutas a fim de acompanhar o progresso metodológico dos principais ensaios antioxidantes atualmente em uso.
Studies on antioxidants present in foods and the prevention or control of non-communicable diseases have attracted the attention of the scientific community and the general population. Among natural antioxidants, fruits and vegetables are those which contribute most to the dietary supply of these compounds associated with beneficial effects on human health. Methods for evaluation of total antioxidant activity (TAA) proposed by the literature are diverse, but some are more appropriate than others depending on the nature of the compounds present in each fruit. This study reviewed the main methodologies on literature to evaluate the antioxidant activity of fruits, in order to monitor the methodological progress of the main antioxidant assays currently in use.
ABSTRACT
O tratamento térmico pode ter um impacto positivo (destruição de patógenos e inativação de enzimas indesejáveis) ou negativo (perdas de nutrientes). As condições de processamento podem causar perdas de vitaminas, que variam de acordo com o método de cozimento e o tipo de alimento. A degradação de vitaminas depende de condições específicas durante o processamento, tais como temperatura, presença de oxigênio, luz, pH, umidade, e duração do tratamento térmico. Apesar de estudos correlacionarem o processamento industrial e seus efeitos na qualidade nutricional, o conhecimento deste assunto ainda é disperso e insuficiente. Esta revisão de literatura teve como objetivo abordar as perdas de vitaminas durante o processamento de alimentos submetidos ao tratamento térmico. A análise crítica dos estudos encontrados mostra que alguns métodos de processamento industrial retêm as vitaminas enquanto outros promovem uma maior perda. Verificou-se que as perdas de vitaminas foram variáveis de acordo com os produtos analisados, sendo que o processo que mais contribuiu para a ocorrência de tais perdas foi a esterilização. Entre os trabalhos analisados, pôde-se observar maior referência à vitamina C e ao ?-caroteno. As vitaminas mais sensíveis ao processamento industrial são a vitamina C e tiamina.
Heat treatment can have a positive impact (destruction of pathogens and inactivation of undesirable enzymes) or a negative impact (loss of nutrients). Processing conditions cause losses of vitamins, which vary widely according to the cooking method and the type of food. Degradation of vitamins depends on specific conditions during the process, e.g., temperature, presence of oxygen, light, moisture, pH and duration of the heat treatment. Although there are studies that correlate the industrial processing and its effects on nutritional quality, knowledge about this subject is scattered and insufficient. This review aimed to address the loss of vitamins during food processing, concerning its stability during heat treatment. A critical analysis of studies shows that some methods of industrial processing retain vitamins while others promote greater loss. Losses of vitamins were variable according to the products analyzed, and the process that contributed to the occurrence of greater losses was sterilization. Among the studies analyzed, one could observe a broader reference to vitamin C and ?-carotene. Vitamin C and thiamine showed higher sensitivity to industrial processing.