ABSTRACT
The first crop of pharmacists graduating from 6-year programs in pharmaceutical l education arrived in April 2012, and it will be important to incorporate new factors when predicting future trends in supply and demand for pharmacists. If we project supply given an exam pass rate of 75%, the supply of pharmacists will increase for the next 10 years or so if the number of exam takers is about 10000, and no decrease in the total number of pharmacists is expected until 2035. At pharmacies, a high degree of demand for the services of pharmacists can be expected to result from increases in the number of elderly patients and the number of patients receiving prescriptions, together with expanded accommodation of home health care, if the proportion of prescriptions that are actually filled up to 70%. At hospitals, demand has been projected to increase over the short term, owing to such factors as the trend toward having a resident pharmacist in each ward, advances in team medicine, and the spread of outpatient chemotherapy. Given the rising enrollment quotas for schools of pharmacy, and if the current supply and demand for pharmacists are maintained, we cannot rule out the possibility that pharmacists will come to be in excess supply within a 10-year horizon if the number of unemployed continues to decrease and the employment rate continues to improve along with changes in economic conditions and the consciousness of graduates of the 6-year programs.
Subject(s)
Pharmacists/supply & distribution , Pharmacists/trends , Employment/statistics & numerical data , Female , Forecasting , Humans , Japan/epidemiology , Male , Models, Statistical , Pharmacy , Prescriptions/statistics & numerical data , Time Factors , WorkforceABSTRACT
The metallophthalocyanine complex Cr(TBPC)OTf works as a highly efficient, recyclable Lewis acid catalyst for the regio- and stereoselective rearrangements of epoxides to aldehydes.
Subject(s)
Acids/chemistry , Aldehydes/chemistry , Epoxy Compounds/chemistry , Metalloporphyrins/chemistry , Catalysis , Molecular Structure , StereoisomerismABSTRACT
An efficient one-pot procedure which converts 5,15-disubstituted porphyrins into their corresponding meso acyl-, alkoxycarbonyl-, and carbamoyl-substituted meso-formylporphyrins has been developed, where the procedure involves a sequential S(N)Ar reaction of porphyrins with PyMe(2)SiCH(2)Li, followed by acylation or related reactions and oxidation.
Subject(s)
Lithium Compounds/chemistry , Porphyrins/chemistry , Acylation , Indicators and Reagents , Lithium Compounds/chemical synthesis , Oxidation-Reduction , Porphyrins/chemical synthesisABSTRACT
A simple, one-pot procedure that converts 5,15-substituted porphyrins into the corresponding meso-formylated porphyrins has been developed. The method, based on a new synthetic concept for functionalized porphyrins utilizing the (2-pyridyldimethylsilyl)methyl group as a latent formyl functionality, affords the desired product in good yield and is especially appropriate for the direct formylation of free base porphyrins, which has never been achieved by known methods.
Subject(s)
Lithium/chemistry , Organometallic Compounds/chemistry , Porphyrins/chemistry , Porphyrins/chemical synthesis , Silicon/chemistry , Catalysis , Molecular Structure , StereoisomerismABSTRACT
Palladium-catalyzed cyanation of bromoporphyrins is now realized using cyanoethylzinc bromide as a specific cyanating agent. This new protocol provides an easy access to various cyanated Zn(II) porphyrins, including meso-mono-, meso-di-, and beta-mono-cyano-substituted Zn(II) complexes. [reaction: see text]
ABSTRACT
Chromium(III) tetraphenylporphyrin triflate, Cr(TPP)OTf, works as an efficient and characteristic Lewis acid catalyst in the regio- and stereoselective rearrangement of epoxides to aldehydes. This Cr(TPP)OTf-catalyzed reaction is an operationally simple and especially convenient method for synthesizing optically active beta-siloxy aldehydes from 2,3-epoxy silyl ethers which are readily available in enantiomerically enriched forms by the Sharpless epoxidation of allylic alcohols followed by silylation.
