[On the identity of Candida utilis and Pichia jadinii yeast species]. / Ob identichnosti vidov drozhzhei Candida utilis i Pichia jadinii.

Life cycles of Candida utilis (Henneberg) Lodder et Kreger-van Rij imperfect yeast (13 strains) used in industry were the study subject. When the strains were mated, we detected one of the stages of sexual process--conjugation of cells of the opposite mating type. Most of the studied cultures conjugated on the 2d-3d day. No ascospores were formed. Haploidy and heterothallism of the studied C. utilis strains were confirmed by hybridization of auxotrophic mutants. Based on PCR assay results, the yeasts are demonstrated to belong to the ascospore perfect yeast species of Pichia jadinii (A. et R. Sartory. We ill et Meyer, Wickerham) Kurtzman.

[Effect of different storage methods on the viability of Halobacterium salinarum]. / Vplyv riznykh metodiv zberihannia na zhyttiezdatnist' Halobacterium salinarum.

It has been established that the studied halobacteria are cryolabile and sensitive to the sharp change in osmotic pressure of the environment. Optimal temperature of their storage is +20 degrees C for suspension of native cells and +4 degrees C for the cells in anabiotic state. Their storage medium should have optimal osmotic pressure and contain NaCl and K+, Mg+ ions. It is recommended to keep halobacteria during one year in a form of suspension in nutrient medium, and during at least 4 years in lyophilized state. Other long-term storage methods: L-drying, freezing at low temperatures, are not recommended for halobacteria.

[Deposition of microorganisms at patenting the invention and results for the inventor]. / Deponuvannia mikroorhanizmiv pry patentuvanni vynakhodiv ta ioho naslidky dlia vynakhidnyka.

The standards of the patent legislation of Ukraine and other countries concerning the deposition of microorganisms at patenting of the invention and conditions for the availability of the deposited samples have been considered. The questions connected to practice of strains deposition in Ukraine which require the normative decision or specification in view of the tendency of development of patent legislation in the countries advanced in the sphere of the industrial property have been outlined.

[The creation and functions of the Depository of Microorganism Strains in the Institute of Microbiology and Virology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine]. / Stvorennia ta funktsii depozytariiu shtamiv mikroorhanizmiv Instytutu mikrobiolohiï i virusolohiï NAN Ukraïny.

The legislative and other standard acts regulating the functioning of the home depositories and the procedure of microorganism strains deposition when patenting the inventions in Ukraine have been developed and came in force. The depository created on the basis of the Institute of Microbiology and Virology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine to deposit nonpathogenic strains of microorganisms and to execute a number of service works in the field of microbiology and biotechnology began its activities (investigation, identification, certification, preservation of cultures, development of the methods of long-term preservation, toxico-biological evaluation of producers, delivery of strains, consultations, obtaining of information materials).

[The antagonistic properties of bacteria isolated from the digestive tract of female mink housed in the area of the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station]. / Antagonisticheskie svoistva bakterii, vydelennykh iz pishchevaritel'nogo trakta samok norok, soderzhashchikhsia v zone ChAES.

Differences in species composition, number and level of antagonistic activity of bacteria isolated from the digestive tract of Chernobyl female minks of various age and with different immunological state have been established. Prevalence of anaerobes (bifidobacteria) and microaerophils (lactic acid bacteria) with the increase of microorganisms concentration along the channel: stomach, small and large intestine (10(7)-10(10)/g) was found in all the departments of digestive tract of minks. Among the identified lactic-acid bacteria Lactobacillus helveticus (10(7)-10(8)/g) prevailed in the stomach of the studied female minks, L. coryniformis (10(9)-10(10)/g) in the small intestine, L. casei (10(10)/g) in the large one. Antagonistic activity was most expressed in the strains of L. helveticus and L. casei, isolated from the younger (1.5 year-old) minks. Enterococcus faecalis isolated from the stomach of 1.5 year-old female minks was distinguished by the greatest antagonistic activity among identified enterococci. Strains of E. faecium isolated from the thin intestine of the young female minks (1.5 year-old) and from the large intestine of more nature animals (2.5 years) who received thymogen were characterized by the most expressed antibiosis among enterococci isolated bacteria a conclusion was made that the mechanisms of inhibitory effect of the studied microorganisms are underlied by not only their capacity to form organic acids but also by the capacity to produce antibiotic products.

[The antagonistic properties of microaerophilic bacteria isolated from the human and mink digestive tracts]. / Antagonisticheskie svoistva mikroaérofil'nykh bakterii, vydelennykh iz pishchevaritel'nogo trakta cheloveka i norok.

Study of antagonistic properties of microaerophilic bacteria isolated from human and mink gastroenteric tract have helped to establish differences in species composition, quantity and level of antagonistic activity of the studied microorganisms in respect to pathogenic microflora. It is shown that lactic acid bacteria identified as Lactobacillus fermentum and L. reuteri prevail among the strains isolated from the stomach and thin intestine of minks kept in the 30-km zone of Chernobyl NPP. Species composition of microaerophilic bacteria isolated from the digestive tract of the control minks is more variable. Antagonistically active bifidobacteria prevail in large intestine of experimental and control animals. Strains of lactic acid bacteria with the expressed antagonistic activity belonging to L. bavaricus, L. reuteri, L. coryniformis and L. maltaromicus have been found parallel with such known producers of antibiotic-like substances as L. fermentum. L. acidophilum. Streptococcus faecalis and bifidobacteria. L. maltaromicus most frequently occurred among antagonistically active strains revealed in feces of people which stayed in the zone of liquidation of the Chernobyl accident. Microaerophilic strains of bacteria (lactic acid, bifidobacteria and enterococci) manifest the expressed antagonistic activity connected with the capacity to not only acid formation but also to accumulation of antibiotic products of unknown nature. A strain of lactic acid bacteria L. fermentum 91 has been isolated from the contents of human gastroenteric tract. These bacteria are distinguished by most expressed and stable antagonism and characterized by the lack of pathogenicity in respect of albino mice that may be used to raise the microorganism resistance to gastric diseases.

[A microflora study of the gastrointestinal tract of mink housed within and outside of the area of the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station]. / Issledovanie mikroflory zheludochno-kishechnogo trakta norok, soderzhashchikhsia v zone ChAES i vne ee.

Quantitative differences in the content of lactic acid bacteria isolated from the content of the stomach, small and large intestine have been established when studying microflora of the gastrointestinal tract of minks kept in the 30-kilometer zone of the Chernobyl NPP (experimental animals) and at the Cherkassy fur farm (control animals). Obligate heterofermentative species of lactic acid bacteria related to Lactobacillus fermentum and L. reuteri prevailed in the stomach of experimental minks. Species composition of lactic acid bacteria isolated from the stomach of the Cherkassy minks is characterized by the availability of both obligate and facultative heterofermentative species of bacteria--L. bavaricus, L. coryniformis, L. reuteri and of obligate homofermentative bacteria--L. salivarius and L. jensenii. In limiting dilutions (10(-9)-10(-10)) of the content of small intestine of the control minks one could find bacteria of L. coryniformis species and representatives of obligate heterofermentative bacteria--L. confusus and L. fermentum that is 1-2 orders higher then in the experimental minks. Both lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria (the latter up to 10(+9) cells/g of the content) were isolated from the lower departments of small and large intestine of the Chernobyl and Cherkassy minks. Among the species of lactic acid bacteria isolated from the experimental animals homofermentative species (L. acidophilus, L. sharpeae) and, heterofermentative (L. confusus, L. fermentum) in the control were found.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[The intestinal microflora of persons subjected to a radiation lesion]. / Kishechnaia mikroflora liudei, podvergshikhsia radiatsionnomu porazheniiu.

The content of large intestine has been studied in persons exposed to radiation injury in consequence of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Power Plant. It is stated that bifidobacteria (10(7)-10(10) cells in 1 g of feces) prevailed (as in healthy people), Bifidobacterium indicum being a dominating species. Amount of lactic-acid bacteria in 1 g of defecations of examined patients was within the range of 10(6)-10(9) cells and in certain persons it reached 10(10) cells (primarily fecal Enterococci). A considerable amount of patients with acute radiation sickness of the 3d degree had in their intestine 10(9)/g of lactic-acid bacteria, Lactobacillus casei and L. plantarum prevailing there. The frequency of yeast isolation from defecations of patients constituted 83%, while the number of cells in 1 g of feces--from 10 to 10(4). Yeast of the Candida genus, mainly Candida parapsilosis, prevailed. The species composition of isolated microorganisms has no substantial differences from microcenosis of healthy people. The content of intestine of persons suffered from radiation is characterized only by greater amount of lactic-acid bacteria and enterococci as compared with healthy adults.

[The effect of nitrosoguanidine on carotene-synthesizing and pigment-free yeasts]. / Vliianie nitrozoguanidina na karotinsinteziruiushchie i bespigmentnye drozhzhi.

A number of mutants with a demand for amino acids, vitamins and nitrous bases has been obtained under effect of nitrosoguanidine (0.05%) on the yeast Candida utilis and carotene-synthesizing yeast Rhodosporidium diobovatum, Rhodotorula glutinis var. glutinis and Rh. rubra. Concentration of auxotrophs due to the death of prototrophs has been achieved in the studied yeast, with the exception of Rh. rubra using additional treatment by levorin (200 units/ml). When selecting quickly growing mutants of carotene-synthesizing yeast obtained after treatment by nitrosoguanidine, the primary selection by the intensity of red-orange colour of the colonies proved to be more efficient than that by resistance to monoiodoacetic acid. The selected mutants of the pigmented yeast surpassed by primary culture as to the harvest of carotenoids (including beta-carotene) and biomass in the periodic and continuous processes.