Associations of Sociodemographic and Psychosocial Factors with Headache Symptom Among Indonesian Adolescents Based on the 5th Wave of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS-5).

BACKGROUND: Headaches are common among children and adolescents, with more than half of adolescents reporting headache symptom worldwide. The number of migraine sufferers among adolescents has increased dramatically in the past decade. Headache has negatively influenced children and has been linked with emotional and behavioral problems. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. METHODS: This study was conducted using secondary data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) to evaluate the relationship between sociodemographic and psychosocial factors in Indonesian adolescents and headaches. We used data from the fifth wave of IFLS, which was conducted between September 2014 and April 2015. The figures represent roughly 83% of the Indonesian population. We investigated the possible relationship between sociodemographic and psychosocial factors in adolescents with headaches. RESULTS: A total of 3605 participants (1875 females and 1730 males) aged 15 to 19 years with headache symptom were included in the study. Headache was associated with sleep disturbances (OR 1.99; 95% CI: 1.72, 2.30), depression (OR 1.94; 95% CI: 1.65, 2.28), and female gender (OR 1.72; 95% CI: 1.50, 1.98). Other factors contributing to headaches include poor/moderate sleep quality (OR 1.25; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.45) and low income (OR 1.22; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.48). CONCLUSION: In Indonesian adolescents aged 15 to 19 with headaches, sleep disturbances were the dominant factor associated with headache occurrence. Other factors such as depression, female gender, low socioeconomic status (SES), and poor/moderate sleep quality showed a positive association with headaches but further large population-based studies with more refined variables are needed to elucidate this association.

Study of the Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches of Migraine in Women and Pregnancy: A Literature Review.

Headache is a significant and debilitating health problem, affecting more than half of the population worldwide. Migraine is a type of headache that is strongly associated with women and accounts for the high number of years lived with disability among women. The pathophysiology of migraine attacks may begin with a premonitory phase, followed by an aura phase and migraine headache. In women, many factors influence the prevalence of migraine, and sex hormone fluctuations around the menstruation cycle were believed to impact the pathogenesis of migraine. The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition identifies menstrual migraine as pure menstrual migraine without aura and menstrually related migraine without aura. While migraine without aura (MwoA) was clearly associated with menstruation, migraine with aura (MwA) was generally unrelated to menstruation. Studies suggested that estrogen withdrawal is a trigger for MwoA, but high estrogen states are a trigger for MwA. During pregnancy, the increase in estrogen hypothetically prevents migraine attacks. There are several strategies for managing menstrual migraine, from acute/abortive, mini-preventive, and continuous preventive treatment. Managing migraine during pregnancy follows a similar strategy, but the drugs' safety profile should be considered.