A note on formulas for the Rayleigh wave speed in elastic solids.

In the present paper, new analytical, numerical and approximate methods have been presented for the determination of Rayleigh wave speed in isotropic and anisotropic media. The Lagrange's method is used to provide exact expression for the roots of the secular equation for Rayleigh waves in isotropic media. Then, a simple non-iterative type quadrature method is used to numerically determine the Rayleigh wave speed in isotropic and anisotropic media. Further, an approximate method is presented to determine the velocity of Rayleigh waves. The discrete least square approximation on Chebyshev - Gauss - Lobatto nodes is suggested to transform secular equations to quadratic equations, thereby, providing improved approximations to the Rayleigh wave speed. The analysis is complemented with numerical examples.

Comparison of anti-plaque efficacy between a low and high cost dentifrice: A short term randomized double-blind trial.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the anti-plaque efficacy of a low and high cost commercially available tooth paste among 13-20 years old adolescents in a Residential Home, Bhopal, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was randomized double-blind parallel clinical trial conducted in a Residential Home, Bhopal, India. A total of 65 patients with established dental plaque and gingivitis were randomly assigned to either low cost or high cost dentifrice group for 4 weeks. The plaque and gingival scores at baseline and post-intervention were assessed and compared. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-test and the independent sample t-test. The statistical significance was fixed at 0.05. RESULTS: Results indicated a significant reduction in plaque and gingival scores in both groups post-intervention compared with the baseline. Difference between the groups was not significant. No adverse events were reported and both the dentifrices were well-tolerated. CONCLUSION: Low cost dentifrice is equally effective to the high cost dentifrice in reducing plaque and gingival inflammation.

Cyclin B1 overexpression in conventional oral squamous cell carcinoma and verrucous carcinoma- A correlation with clinicopathological features

Background: Nuclear localization of cyclin B1 is an indicator for cells undergoing mitotic division, and the overexpression has shown promising results as a good prognostic predictor for patients of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Cyclin B1 overexpression among histological grades of conventional oral squamous cell carcinoma (COSCC), as well as comparison with verrucous carcinoma (VC) has been less investigated. Study Design: Immunohistochemical expression of cyclin B1 was compared with various clinicopathological features in 30 primary COSCC and 31 primary VC cases. Result: Cyclin B1 showed significant overexpression for some clinical features for both the variants of oral squamous cell carcinoma. In histopathological variants, statistical significance was observed among grades of COSCC, as well as COSCC and its grades with VC. The concomitant increase in cyclin B1 overexpression from VC to grades COSCC was observed. Conclusion: Our study findings draw attention to cyclin B1 overexpression is involved in early carcinogenesis, cell differentiation and tumor proliferation (AU)

Cyclin B1 overexpression in conventional oral squamous cell carcinoma and verrucous carcinoma- A correlation with clinicopathological features.

BACKGROUND: Nuclear localization of cyclin B1 is an indicator for cells undergoing mitotic division, and the overexpression has shown promising results as a good prognostic predictor for patients of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Cyclin B1 overexpression among histological grades of conventional oral squamous cell carcinoma (COSCC), as well as comparison with verrucous carcinoma (VC) has been less investigated. STUDY DESIGN: Immunohistochemical expression of cyclin B1 was compared with various clinicopathological features in 30 primary COSCC and 31 primary VC cases. RESULT: Cyclin B1 showed significant overexpression for some clinical features for both the variants of oral squamous cell carcinoma. In histopathological variants, statistical significance was observed among grades of COSCC, as well as COSCC and its grades with VC. The concomitant increase in cyclin B1 overexpression from VC to grades COSCC was observed. CONCLUSION: Our study findings draw attention to cyclin B1 overexpression is involved in early carcinogenesis, cell differentiation and tumor proliferation.

Malocclusion and treatment needs of cleft lip and/or palate subjects aged between 12 and 18 years visiting KLE's Hospital, Belgaum, India.

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the malocclusion status and treatment needs of adolescents with cleft lip and/or palate aged between 12 and 18 years, and to compare them with those of non-cleft subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted at the Outpatient Department, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, KLE's Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Belgaum, India, during the period March to September 2004. The sample comprised 56 cleft lip and/or palate subjects aged between 12 and 18 years who were matched with 168 non-cleft subjects (controls) selected from the general population. The clinical examination was conducted using methods recommended by the World Health Organization oral health surveys. The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) was used to record the data. RESULTS: About 37.5% of cleft lip and/or palate subjects and 60.71% of controls scored a DAI ≤ 25 (no abnormality or minor malocclusion). About 51.78% of cleft lip and/or palate subjects and approximately one-third of controls (35.71%) scored a DAI of 26 to 30 (definite malocclusion). Subjects with cleft lip and/or palate disorder (8.92%) and controls (2.97%) scored a DAI of 31 to 35 (severe malocclusion, P = 0.06). Subjects with cleft lip and/or palate disorder (1.78%) and controls (< 1%) scored a DAI ≥ 36 (handicapping malocclusion). CONCLUSIONS: A majority of the cleft lip and/or palate subjects exhibited severe malocclusion, and treatment was highly desirable when compared to non-cleft subjects.

Dispersion of circumferential waves in cylindrically anisotropic layered pipes in plane strain.

Dispersion spectra of circumferential waves along the periphery of circular pipes made of layered anisotropic materials do not seem to be available in literature. This note attempts to partially fill this gap by providing the dispersion spectra in two and three layered cylindrically anisotropic pipes in plane strain motion. The spectra for pipes executing time harmonic vibrations in plane strain condition are obtained as roots of a numerical characteristic equation derived extending a weighted residual method of solution of the governing equations for a single layer pipe [Towfighi et al., J. Appl. Mech. 69, 283-291 (2002)] to a general N layered pipe. The anisotropic elastic coefficients are considered to be independent of position coordinates and the bond condition at interfaces of the layers is assumed to be perfect. Numerical illustrations are presented for two and three layered pipes with anisotropy directions differing in adjacent layers. Increase in curvature of the pipe and inclination of the fiber orientation in the outermost layers to propagation direction are factors that seem to influence the mode number and pattern within the limited examples worked out.

Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR). Clinical profile and management.

PURPOSE: To report our experience with the diagnosis and management of Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) in a predominantly older Indian population.. METHODS: This prospective interventional non-comparative case series included 38 patients of FEVR and their 23 family members. The diagnosis was established by clinical examination, fluorescein angiography and family screening. Prophylactic photocoagulation/cryotherapy or surgical treatment was done depending on the severity of the disease. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 23.6 years. The fundus/fluorescein angiographic findings in 116 eyes of our 61 patients (6 eyes phthisical) were as follows: forty eight (41.4%) eyes had only peripheral avascular zone, 8 (6.9%) eyes had peripheral new vessels, and 35 (30.1%) eyes had retinal detachments (RD)--10 (8.6%) exudative, 5 (4.3%) tractional and 20 (17.2%) rhegmatogenous. Prophylactic photocoagulation or cryotherapy was done in 34 eyes for retinal holes, local exudative detachments and bleeding new vessels. All the eyes retained stable vision over a mean follow-up of 16 months. Only 14 RDs were suitable for surgery: scleral buckling, vitrectomy or both. The reattachment rate was 85.7% (12 of 14) and the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved to 5/60 or better in 50% of these eyes over a 2-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: FEVR appears to be more common than reported. Timely diagnosis and intervention is essential in view of the lifelong progression of the disease, late exacerbations, frequent involvement of family members, and poor surgical results. A high index of suspicion, family screening and early prophylaxis are recommended to prevent avoidable blindness from this underdiagnosed disease.