ABSTRACT
Two new flea beetles living in leaf litter, Clavicornaltica tokushigei sp. nov. from Okinawa-jima I. and C. nakanoi sp. nov. from Ishigaki-jima I., Iriomote-jima I., and Yonaguni-jima I. are described and illustrated. Clavicornaltica sakishimana Suenaga and Yoshida, 2016 is redescribed including description and illustration of female genitalia. A key to the species distributed in the Ryukyu Is., Japan is provided. The biology of C. nakanoi sp. nov. is noted with the ecological photograph for the first time in this genus.
Subject(s)
Coleoptera , Siphonaptera , Female , Animals , Japan , Animal Structures , Plant LeavesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Physicians' job satisfaction plays an important role in service delivery. Japan is a country with a higher number of elderly people and their medical care is a crucial issue. To date, no study has been conducted on the job satisfaction of geriatricians serving the elderly in Japan. This study aims to explore the job satisfaction and motivation of physicians providing health care to the elderly working at different hospitals in Japan. METHODS: In-depth interview of 23 geriatric physicians was conducted and data were coded and analysed. Qualitative content analysis was conducted to identify the response themes. RESULTS: Three major themes emerged from the analysis and they are: satisfaction as a primary care provider, career development, and suitable communication with patients. Geriatric physicians enjoy their work with inter-professional collaboration and are satisfied to provide primary health care to elderly people. Geriatrics is a very promising career to them and they enjoy the communication and empathetic doctor-patient relationship in their service. CONCLUSIONS: Japanese physicians providing health care to the elderly are enjoying their work due to a suitable environment, multi-professional collaboration, work-life balance, and patient-doctor relationship.
Subject(s)
Job Satisfaction , Physicians , Aged , Humans , Japan , Motivation , Physician-Patient Relations , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Morphology of the aedeagus and vagina of Pyrrhalta maculicollis and its closely related species were investigated. The internal sac of P. maculicollis bears hand saw-like spines, which are arranged in a row. Healing wounds were found on the vagina of this species, whose females were collected in the field during a reproductive season. However, the number of the wounds is low in comparison to the number of the spines. In addition, males of P. tibialis bear one spinous sclerite on the internal sac, but the female of this species show no wounds on the vagina. The vaginal wall is thicker in P. maculicollis and P. tibialis in comparison to other studied species, whose males bear no spinous sclerite. This thickening in P. maculicollis is hypothesized that they prevent damaging their own internal sac during everting and withdrawing the internal sac with the spines.
