ABSTRACT
Fushimi sweet pepper, "Fushimi-togarashi", is one of the "Kyo-yasai", traditional vegetables, in Kyoto, Japan. The chloroform fraction of Fushimi sweet pepper showed bioantimutagenicity on UV induced mutation in Escherichia coli B/r WP2. The bioantimutagen was purified with silica gel chromatography and identified as 2, 4-nonadienal (ID(50) = 20 microg/plate) on the basis of GC retention time and EI-MS spectrum of authentic 2,4-nonadienal. The sweet pepper also contained a known bioantimutagen, benzaldehyde (ID(50) = 2 mg/plate). Additive bioantimutagenicity was also observed by 2, 4-nonadienal with benzaldehyde. 2,4-Nonadienal did not show bioantimutagenicity in an UV excision repair deficient strain, E. coli B/r WP2s uvrA(-)(). Furthermore no delay of the first cell division after UV irradiation was observed in E. coli B/r WP2. These results indicate that the bioantimutagenic activity of 2, 4-nonadienal on UV mutagenesis might depend on the excision repair system in E. coli B/r WP2.
Subject(s)
Aldehydes/pharmacology , Antimutagenic Agents/pharmacology , Benzaldehydes/pharmacology , Capsicum/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal , Aldehydes/isolation & purification , Antimutagenic Agents/isolation & purification , Benzaldehydes/isolation & purification , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Escherichia coli/genetics , Escherichia coli/radiation effects , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet , Ultraviolet RaysABSTRACT
Traditional vegetables in Kyoto are a unique group of vegetables that have been cultivated in limited areas near Kyoto city. We compared the traditional vegetables in Kyoto with common vegetables for the bio-antimutagenicity of their extracts against UV-induced mutation of E. coli B/r WP2. Among the traditional vegetables in Kyoto, Kamo eggplant (Solanaceae) and Katsura oriental pickling melon (Cucurbitaceae) showed higher bio-antimutagenicity and yield in the n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions than their common vegetable counterparts. Shishigatani pumpkin (Cucurbitaceae) possessed bio-antimutagenicity in the chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions, but common pumpkin did not. Polyphenolic compounds in the ethyl acetate fraction of plants are known to be related to antimutagenicity. However, the intensity of bio-antimutagenicity was not correlated with the polyphenol content in the ethyl acetate fractions of the present vegetables. In particular, Kamo eggplant possessed both polyphenolic and non-polyphenolic bio-antimutagenic sub-fractions in the ethyl acetate fraction. In the aqueous fraction, taro (Dioscoreaceae) was the most capable among our samples, whether being of common or traditional origin. Consequently, it is considered, that some traditional vegetables in Kyoto are superior to common vegetables in their bio-antimutagenicity and that these could be used as starting materials to identify new bio-antimutagens.
